Hurricane David was a deadly storm that caused great destruction and loss of life in the Dominican Republic in August 1979. The Cape Verde storm that achieved Category 5 storm status on the Saffir-Simpson Storm Scale, David is the fourth tropical cyclone the second storm, and the first major storm of the 1979 Atlantic hurricane season, across the Leeward Islands, the Great Antilles, and the East Coast of the United States in late August and early September. David was the first storm to affect the Lesser Antilles since Hurricane Inez in 1966. With 175 mph (280 km/h) wind, David was the only Category 5 intensity storm to make a landing in the Dominican Republic in the 20th century and the deadliest since 1930 Dominican Republic Hurricane, San Zenon, killed more than 2,000 people on its tracks. The storm is a deadly tropical Dominican cyclone since the storm killed more than 200 in September in the 1834 season.
Video Hurricane David
Riwayat meteorologi
On August 25, the US National Hurricane Center reported that tropical depression has grown in an area of ​​disturbed weather, which lies about 1,400 km (870 mi) southeast of the Cape Verde Islands. During the day the depression gradually progressed further as it moved westward, under the influence of a high-pressure subtropical ridge that lies to the north of the system before the next day the NHC reported that the system had become a tropical storm and named it David. Being stormy on August 27, move west-northwest before entering a period of rapid intensification that takes it to a 150 mph (240 km/h) intensity on 28 August. A slight fluctuation in intensity occurred before the typhoon struck the small winds of the Dominican Island on the 29th. David continued west-northwest, and intensified into Category 5 storms in the northeast Caribbean Sea, reaching peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph (280 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 924 millibars (27.3 inHg) on ​​August 30. A top tier pulls David northward into Hispaniola as Category 5 hurricane on 31 August. The eye passed almost directly above Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic with over a million people living there at the time. Storms crossed the island and emerged as a weak storm after wetting the islands.
After passing through the Wind Gate, David attacked eastern Cuba as a minimum of storm on September 1st. Weak tropical cyclone on land, but quickly returned to strengthen as it returned to the open waters. David turned north-west along the western rim of the subtropical ridge, and again intensified into category 2 storms while on the Bahamas, where he caused severe damage. Despite initial estimates of the projected landing in Miami, Florida, the storm changed north-northwest before landing to strike near West Palm Beach, Florida on September 3. This parallel coast of Florida is only inland until it appears to the western Atlantic Ocean in New Smyrna Beach, Florida on September 3rd. David went north-northwest, and made his final landing south of Savannah, Georgia as a minimum of typhoon on 5 September. He turned northeast while weakening on land, and became extratropical on the 6th in New York. As an extratropical storm, David continues to the northeast of New England and the Canadian Maritimes. David intensified as he crossed the northern Atlantic, cutting northwest Iceland before moving east further north of the Faroe Islands on September 10.
Maps Hurricane David
Preparation
In the days before hitting Dominica, David was originally expected to hit Barbados and the Dominican reserve in the process. However, on August 29th, clock shifts before moving through the area caused a 150 mph (240 km/h) storm to make a direct attack in the southern part of Dominica. Even when it became clear that David was heading for the island, the population did not seem to take the situation seriously. This can partly be attributed to the fact that local radio warnings are minimal and that disaster preparedness schemes are essentially non-existent. Furthermore, Dominica has not experienced a major storm since the 1930s, thus causing a sense of satisfaction among many residents. This proved to have disastrous consequences for the island nation.
About 400,000 people were evacuated in the United States to anticipate David, including 300,000 in southeast Florida due to predicted landings between Florida Keys and Palm Beach. Of these, 78,000 fled to shelters, while others stayed at a friend's house farther inland or traveled north. Making a landing during Labor Day weekend, David forced the cancellation of many activities in the greater Miami area.
Impact
David is believed to be responsible for 2,068 deaths, making him one of the most deadly storms in the modern era. This caused very severe damage in its path, mostly happening in the Dominican Republic where the storm made landfall as Category 5 hurricane.
Dominican
During the onslaught of storms, David dropped rains up to 10 inches (250 mm) in diameter, causing many landslides on mountainous islands. Hurricane-force hours of force deeply erode the shoreline and wash away beach walks.
The biggest damage occurred in the southwestern part of the island, especially in the capital, Roseau, which resembles air strikes after a storm. Strong winds from Hurricane David destroy or destroy 80 percent of the (mostly wood) homes on the island, leaving 75 percent of the population homeless, while many are temporarily displaced in the near future. In addition, rainfall turns the river into a roar, sweeping everything in their path to the sea. The power lines are completely torn, causing the water system to stop as well.
The most severely damaged is the agricultural industry. The biggest losses in agriculture are from bananas and coconuts, of which about 75 percent of the crops are destroyed. Banana rice fields were completely destroyed, and in the southern part of the island most of the coconut trees were blown up. The orange tree fared better, due to the small but sturdy nature of the trees. In addition, David's winds uprooted many trees on the mountain tops, leaving them naked and destroying the ecosystem by disrupting the surface of the water.
In total, 56 people died in Dominica and 180 were injured. The figure of property and agriculture damage in Dominica is unknown.
Lesser Antilles
Apart from Dominica, the other islands of Lesser Antilles suffered mild to moderate damage. Just south of Dominica, David brings Martinique winds up to 100 mph (160 km/h) and 140 mph (220 km/h) windbreak on the northeast coast of Caravelle. The capital, Fort-de-France, reported a 15-foot (4.5 m) wave height and experienced a powerful tropical storm with wind speeds of 56 mph (90 km/h) and a gust of wind at 78 mph (126 km/h). David's powerful wind caused severe crop damage, mostly for bananas, of $ 50 million ($ 150 million in 2007 USD) in losses. Although no deaths were reported, the typhoon caused 20 to 30 injuries and left 500 people homeless.
Guadeloupe suffered moderate to extensive damage on Basse-Terre Island. There, the banana plant is completely destroyed, and combined with other losses, crop damage of $ 100 million ($ 280 million in 2005 USD). David did not cause death, some injuries, and left several hundred homeless. Nearby, Marie-Galante and Les Saintes reported some extreme damage while Grande-Terre suffered moderate damage.
St. Lucia Island Croix in the US Virgin Islands has significant rainfall of 10-12 inches (250-300 mm) but the damage is quite small.
Puerto Rico
Hurricane David would initially hit the southern coast of the Puerto Rican Territory, USA, but a change in the middle of the night did not cause damage to the Dominican Republic.
Although not on Puerto Rico, Hurricane David passes less than 100 miles (160 km) south of the island, bringing strong winds and heavy rain to the island. The southwestern part of Puerto Rico has sustained winds of up to 85 mph (135 km/h), while other parts of the island receive tropical storm winds. As it passes through the island, the cyclone causes powerful oceans and heavy rain, at 19.9 inches (505 mm) in MayagÃÆ'¼ez, Puerto Rico, and up to 20Ã, inches (510 mm) in the central highlands.
Despite being left offshore, most of the island felt David's influence. Severe agricultural damage, and combined with property damage, the storm was responsible for a loss of $ 70 million ($ 200 million in 2005 USD). After the storm, FEMA declared the island as a disaster area. Overall, Hurricane David killed seven people in Puerto Rico, four of which were generated from electricity.
Dominican Republic
After landing in the Dominican Republic, David suddenly turned northwest, causing 125 mph (200 km/h) winds in Santo Domingo and Category 5 elsewhere in the country. The storm caused heavy rains, resulting in extreme river flooding. Floods swept across villages and remote communities during the onslaught of storms. A container cart mounted on a collapsed rail at Rio Haina at the sea terminal. Many roads in the country are damaged or destroyed by heavy rains, especially in the cities of Jarabacoa, San Cristobal, and BanÃÆ'.
Almost 70% of the country's crops are destroyed from very heavy floods. The extreme river floods resulted in most of the 2,000 deaths in the country. One particularly deadly example is when raging rivers in the mountain village of Padre las Casas wiped out churches and schools, killing several hundred people sheltering there. The flood destroyed thousands of homes, causing more than 200,000 people to be displaced by the storm. President Antonio GuzmÃÆ'¡n FernÃÆ'¡ndez estimates the combined damage of agriculture, property and industry to $ 1 billion ($ 2.8 billion in 2005 USD).
Neighboring Haiti suffered very little from David, due to the storm-stricken state as it moved across the country.
Bahamas
While passing through the Bahamas, David brings 70-80 mph (115-130 km/h) winds to Andros Island as the eye passes through the archipelago. David, though still irregular, produced heavy rain in the country peaking at 8 inches (200 mm). Strong winds uprooted trees, and overall damage was minimal.
United States
David generated extensive damage throughout the United States for $ 320 million ($ 900 million in 2005 USD). Before the arrival of the storm, 400,000 people were evacuated from the coast. In total, David instantly killed five in the United States, and was responsible for ten indirect deaths.
Florida
After making the landing, David brings a storm surge of only two-four feet (0.6-1.2 m), due to the lack of reinforcement and the dull angle at which it strikes. In addition, David caused strong waves and moderate rainfall, of a maximum of 8.92 inches (227 mm) in Vero Beach. Although it made the landing a Category 2 hurricane, the strongest winds were localized, and the highest reported winds occurred at Fort Pierce, at a speed of 70 mph (115 km/h) and 95 mph (155 km/h) of gusts.
Because the storm remained near the shoreline, Hurricane David failed to cause extreme damage in Florida. The storm winds smashed windows in stores near the beach and caused property damage, including blowing up the Palm Beach Jai Alai fronton frame and downing the 186-foot (57-m) WJNO AM radio tower in West Palm Beach to Intracoastal Waterway. Some roofs are torn, and many buildings are flooded from over six inches (150 mm) of rainfall. The 450-foot (140-m) crane even snapped at two at the St Lucie Nuclear Power Plant. The storm breeds more than 10 tornadoes as it passes through the country, although nothing causes death or injury. Total damage in Florida totaled $ 95 million ($ 270 million in 2005 USD), where $ 30 million occurred in Palm Beach County, mostly from crop damage. Two journalists with TODAY's newspaper from Brevard County followed the stormy path from South Florida to Cocoa, FL and experienced very high winds when they reported on the typhoon.
Georgia
Hurricane David made landfall in Georgia as a minimal storm that quickly weakened, carrying a three-to-five foot (0.9-1.5 m) storm surge and heavy waves. The inner core remains far from major cities, although Savannah records a sustained wind of 58 mph (93 km/h) and 68 mph (109 km/h) winds. No major damage occurred in Savannah. Strong winds drowned many power lines, leaving many without power for up to two weeks after the storm. Offshore, powerful oceans interfere with some of the coastal reefs by moving a 300 feet (90 m) submerged boat. Overall, Hurricane David is responsible for minor damage and two casualties from heavy waves.
Southeast, Mid-Atlantic, and New England
After entering South Carolina, David maintained the wind to the storm, although the highest record was 43 mph (69 km/h) in Charleston and 70 mph (113 km/h) on Hilton Head Island. Many US Navy ships located at the harbor at Charleston Naval Station are sorted, some of them (especially the frigates USS Bowen (FF-1079) and the destroyer bidding USSÃ, Sierra à , (AD-18) suffered severe damage to a storm at sea.The same wind occurred in North Carolina, and lower readings were recorded throughout the northeastern United States, excluding a 174 mph (280 km/h) on Mount Washington.New Hampshire. In addition, David dropped heavy rain along his path, peaking at 10.73 inches (273 mm) in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, with an extensive report of more than five inches (130 mm). at 8.8 Ã, feet (2.7 m) in Charleston and up to five feet (1.5 m) along most of the east coast of the United States.
Overall, the damage is minor in most areas, although it is very widespread. Strong winds and rain degrade the power grid in the New York City area, leaving 2.5 million people without electricity during a stormy trip. David also causes mild to moderate coastal erosion, as well as damage to crops that spread from the flood. In addition, hurricanes breed many tornadoes as they move across the Mid-Atlantic and New England, with notable wind damage occurring even in rural communities. In Virginia, eight tornadoes are formed in the southeastern part of the state, six of which are F2 or larger on the Fujita scale. The tornado caused one death, 19 injured, damaged 270 houses, and destroyed three houses, for $ 6 million ($ 20 million in 2005 USD) in damages. In Maryland, David's outer band formed seven tornadoes. In New Castle County, Delaware, the F2 tornado destroyed many homes and wounded five others.
Aftermath
Dominican
Immediately after the storm, the lack of power prevented communication and the outside world had little knowledge of the extent of damage in Dominica. A resident named Fred White ended it by using a battery operated battery ham to contact the world.
In response to severe agricultural damage, the government started food rations. In the two months following the storm, the pledge of aid amounted to more than $ 37 million (1979 US $) from various groups around the world. Similar to the aftermath of other natural disasters, the distribution of aid raises concerns and allegations of the amount of food and materials, or lack thereof, for the affected people. The storm destroyed several important buildings, including an important part of the ruins of the Fortress which had stood since the 1770s.
Another less typical event after another natural disaster is looting. In supermarkets, ports and homes, what the hurricanes did not destroy was stolen in the weeks after the storm.
HMS Fife (Royal Navy Damage Class) was on his way back to England when a typhoon hit, and was returned to provide emergency aid to the island. Sailing across the mountainous oceans of The Fife anchored in the main port of Roseau without help, and was the only outside help for several days. The crew gave details of work and medical parties to offer help to the island and concentrate on hospital buildings, airstrips, and restore power and water. The ship's helicopter (called Humphrey) brings medical help to the hills to help people who are cut off from other aid by fallen trees. The ship also uses its radio system to broadcast news and music to the island to inform the residents of what is being done and how to get help. This is the first time a Royal Navy ship has provided a public broadcast news service.
United States
Despite the casualties and damage attributed to David, the effects of the storm are not as bad as in other countries. In particular, South Florida qualified relatively lightly. Therefore, NHC Director Neil Frank was accused of being too panicked before David's arrival: two local psychiatrists even claimed that the experience would make residents more satisfied with future storms. However, the NHC defended their method, with Frank stating: "If we do not [increase public alarm] and our predictions are more accurate, the consequences will be disastrous." A reporter covering Hurricane David is Dick Baumbach, a journalist with the TODAY newspaper, now known as Florida Today . He along with news photographer Scott Maclay followed the stormy path from Miami to Central Florida. At Cocoa Beach, Baumbach decided to ride a hurricane at his home with two other journalists. Although it was a difficult experience and tried all three reporters survived and ultimately won many awards. The storm also interrupted the filming of the Caddyshack film that took place at Rolling Hills Country Club in Fort Lauderdale.
Retirement
David's name has retired following this storm because of its devastation and high death toll, and will never be used again for Atlantic storms, making it the name of the first retired male storm. It was replaced with Danny for the 1985 season.
In popular culture
- David , DP Express, 1979
See also
- List of Atlantic hurricanes
- Category List 5 Atlantic storm
- Hurricane Matthew - Similar storms that take the same route in the Caribbean and near the Eastern States in October 2016
- Hurricane Irma
- Hurricane Maria
References
External links
- Radar loop of Hurricane David
- Circle of satellites from David, Elena, Frederic, and Gloria
- Hurricane David Rainfall - HPC
- David damage storm
- Remembering Hurricane David
- CHC Hurricane 1979
- PalmBeachPost.com (Hurricane David)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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