The San Diego-Coronado Bridge , locally referred to as Coronado Bridge , is a prestressed concrete/steel bridge, across San Diego Bay in the United States, connects San Diego with Coronado, California. This bridge is signed as part of State Route 75.
Video San Diego-Coronado Bridge
Description
Construction
In 1926, John D. Spreckels recommended that a bridge be built between San Diego and Coronado, but voters rejected the plan. The US Navy initially did not support a bridge that would reach San Diego Bay to connect San Diego to Coronado. They feared the bridge could collapse by an attack or earthquake and trap ships stationed at the San Diego Naval Base. In 1935, an officer at the naval air station in the North Island argued that if a bridge was built to cross the bay then the Navy would leave San Diego.
In 1951-52, the City Council of Coronado embarked on a plan for a feasibility study of the bridge. In 1964 the Navy supported the bridge if there was at least 200 feet (61 m) permission for the ship to operate from the nearby San Diego Naval Base to pass under it. To achieve this release with reasonable value, the length of the bridge is enhanced by taking a curved path, rather than a more direct path to Coronado. The permit will allow an empty oil-fueled aircraft carrier to pass underneath - it is insufficient for Nimitz class nuclear carriers under light load conditions.
The main architect is Robert Mosher. Construction at San Diego-Coronado Bay Bridge began in February 1967. The bridge requires 20,000 tons of steel (13,000 tons of structural steel and 7,000 reinforcing steel) and 94,000 cubic meters of concrete. To add concrete blocks, 900,000 cubic meters of dredging and caes for the tower were drilled and blown up to 100 feet to the bed at bay.
The bridge opened for traffic on August 3, 1969, during the 200th anniversary celebration of the San Diego establishment. The 11,179 foot (3,407 m or 2.1 mi) bridge rises from Coronado at 4.67 percent before curling 80 degrees toward San Diego. It is supported by 27 concrete blocks, the longest ever made during construction.
In 1970, he won a reward award for a long span bridge from the American Institute of Steel Construction. This five-lane bridge features the world's oldest box girder until it is surpassed by the Yangtze Shibanpo River Bridge in Chongqing, China in 2008. It is the third largest orthogonal box in the country - the box is the middle of the bridge between dock 18 and 21 above main shipping channel.
Toll and toll
Initially, the toll was $.60 in each direction. A few years later, this was converted to $ 1.00 toll collected for traffic westward to Coronado only. Although the bridge was supposed to be "toll-free" after the original bridge bridge was paid (which occurred in 1986), the toll continues for an additional sixteen years. On June 27, 2002, it became the last toll bridge in Southern California to stop the toll, despite objections from some residents that traffic to the island will increase. The islands where the toll gate sits, as well as the canopy above the toll plot area, are still intact, located at the western end of the bridge on the west path. Although tolls are no longer collected, as of 19 February 2009 there was talks to continue collecting tolls westward to fund major traffic and tunnel solutions. But nothing came from the discussion, and recently there was a discussion about removing the unused full-fledged toll plaza.
Paths and traffic
The bridge has five paths: two east lines, two west lines, and an reversible centerline with a mobile barrier system installed in 1993 that can be used to create a third line in both directions in response to traffic volume. The eastern end of the bridge connects directly to the T intersection with Interstate 5, just south east of downtown San Diego. It is designated and signed as part of California State Highway 75. This bridge is designed completely and exclusively for motor vehicle traffic; no pedestrian walkways, bicycle paths, or shoulders ("translucent lines"). Once a year began in 1986, the lane opened for pedestrians to the Navy Bay Bridge Run/Walk, fundraising sponsored by and beneficial to the Navy, Welfare, and Recreation programs. Beginning in 2008, cyclists have the opportunity once a year to board the bridge on the "fun ride" of Bike the Bay.
Artwork
The pillar that sustains the bridge at the eastern end is painted with a large mural as part of Chicano Park, the largest collection of Chicano art murals in the world. This environmental park and mural display was created in response to a community uprising in 1970, which protested the negative effects of the bridge and Interstate 5 on the Barrio Logan community. Local artist Salvador Torres proposed using bridges and freeway pillars as a giant canvas for Chicano art during a rare urban wall mural in the United States, and he and many other artists created murals when permission for the park was finally given in 1973.
Maps San Diego-Coronado Bridge
Suicide
Coronado bridge is often used as a bridge of suicide; in July 2017, at least 405 suicide deaths by jumper bridges have occurred in Coronado, just behind the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco as the bridge most often used to commit suicide in the United States. The solar-powered phone was once installed on the Skyway to offer direct assistance to those who wanted to commit suicide, but has since been removed. Signs have been placed on the bridge urging the potential of suicide to call the hotline. However, the call box is not provided.
After an accident in 2016, where a driver drove a pickup truck from the bridge and into Chicano Park, killing 4 people and injuring nine people, Ben Hueso state senators filed a state funding bill to cover up safety measures in Coronado, and requested a report to the state legislature is ongoing. In February 2017, Caltrans announced its intention to conduct a feasibility study for a suicide-cancellation option for the bridge. Hueso states that "the safety of residents and visitors traveling on the bridge, and those gathered beneath it at Chicano Park, is of the utmost importance." On March 26, 2018, Caltrans released its report; he described suicide-luring options such as nets, fences, and glass barriers.
One "suicide" was then designated as murder. Authorities decided that Jewell P. Hutchings, 52, of Cerritos was forced to jump at gunpoint; her husband, James Albert Hutchings, later accused of killing and pleading guilty to unintentional murder.
Bridge bridge
In April 2008, Port released an international call for artists seeking qualified team-led artists interested in developing green concept lighting proposals for bridges. In 2010, a design group based in London led by Peter Fink was chosen. The winning concept envisages illuminating bridges with programmable LED lights by means of energy neutral using electricity generated by wind turbines. In 2012, two long years after selecting the Fink project, Port finally cut the check for $ 75,000 to start a fundraiser along with the San Diego Foundation. Port of San Diego says no taxpayer money will be used. Instead, they rely on private grants and donations to fund this lighting project, which will ideally be completed by 2019 to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the bridge. As of March 2014, the target date of work is 2019.
Urban legend
A local decades-old urban legend claims that the middle span of the bridge is engineered to float in the event of collapse, allowing Navy ships to push debris and clean the bay. The myth may have evolved as a result of a vacuum box design from a 1.880-foot center span, combined with a low-profile barge that makes it appear to float itself during construction. However, Caltrans and the main architect of the bridge, Robert Mosher, argue that the legend is wrong.
References
External links
- Caltrans - The History and Facts of the Bridge
- Caltrans - Bridge Contract
- California Department of Transportation - San Diego-Coronado Bridge
- Coronado City, - Bridge Transportation Management Association
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments