Filmmaking

src: www.indiaeducation.net

Movie making (or, in academic context, film production ) is a filmmaking process, generally in the sense of films devoted to large theater exhibitions. Filming involves a number of discrete stages including initial stories, ideas, or commissions, through scriptwriting, casting, shooting, sound and reproduction recording, editing and screening of finished products before audiences can produce film releases and exhibitions. Film-making takes place in many places around the world in various economic, social, and political contexts, and uses a variety of cinematic technologies and techniques. Usually, it involves a large number of people, and can take several months to several years to complete.

Video Filmmaking

Tahapan produksi

Film production consists of five main stages:

• Development : The first stage in which ideas for movies are made, rights to books/dramas are purchased, etc., and scenarios are written. Funding for the project should be sought and obtained.
• Pre-production : Arrangements and preparations are made for shooting, such as recruiting players and movie crews, choosing locations, and creating aggregates.
• Production : The raw footage and other elements for the movie are recorded during the filming.
• Postproduction : Images, sounds and visual effects of the recorded movies are edited and merged into the finished product.
• Distribution : Movies that are finished being distributed, marketed, and played in theaters and/or released to home videos.

Development

At this stage, the project's producers choose stories, which may come from books, games, other films, true stories, video games, comic books, or graphic novels. Alternatively, the producer can make an idea for the movie summary. After identifying the underlying theme or message, the producer works with the author to prepare a synopsis. Next they produce an outline of the step, which breaks the story into a one-paragraph scene that concentrates on dramatic structure. Then, they prepare care, description of 25-to-30 pages of stories, moods, and characters. It usually has little dialogue and stage directions, but often contains images that help visualize the main points. Another way is to generate writing after the synopsis is generated.

Furthermore, the screenwriter writes scenarios for several months. Screenwriters can rewrite several times to improve dramatization, clarity, structure, character, dialogue, and overall style. However, producers often skip previous steps and develop proposed scenarios that investors, studios, and other stakeholders assess through a process called script coverage. Film distributors can be contacted at an early stage to assess the market possibilities and potential financial success of the film. Hollywood distributors adopt a stubborn approach and consider factors such as movie genres, target audiences and assumed audiences, the success of similar films, actors who may appear in films, and candidates for directors. All of these factors imply a certain attraction of the film to a possible audience. Not all movies make a profit from theatrical releases, so movie companies take DVD sales and worldwide distribution rights into account.

Producers and screenwriters prepare the pitch of the film, or care, and present it to prospective investors. They will also promote the film to actors and directors (especially the so-called bankable stars) to "attach" them to the project (ie, get a binding appointment to work on film if financing ever guaranteed). Many projects fail to move beyond this stage and enter the so-called development hell. If the pitch works, the film receives a "green light", which means someone offers financial support: usually a major movie studio, film board, or independent investor. The parties involved negotiate the agreement and sign the contract.

After all parties have met and agreement has been established, the film can be continued into the pre-production period. At this stage, the film must have a clear marketing strategy and target audience.

Animated movie development is a bit different because it is a director who develops and throws the story to an executive producer on the basis of a rough storyboard, and it is rare for the full length scenario that already exists at that time. If the film is given a green light for further development and pre-production, then the screenwriter is then taken to prepare the scenario.

Similar to most business ventures, film project finance deals with the study of filmmaking as management and investment procurement. These include the asset dynamics required to fund the filming and liability incurred during filming over a period of initial development through the management of profit and loss after distribution under various levels of uncertainty and risk. The practical aspect of financial filmmaking can also be defined as the science of money management of all phases involved in filmmaking. Film finance aims to determine asset prices based on expected risk and rate of return based on anticipated benefits and protection against loss.

Pre-production

In pre-production, every step to actually creating a movie is carefully designed and planned. Production company made and production office established. The film has been visualized by the director, and can be a storyboard with the help of illustrators and concept artists. Production budgets are made to plan expenditures for the film. For large production, insurance is provided to protect from accidents.

The properties of film, and budget, determine the size and type of crew used during the filming. Many Hollywood bestsellers employ actors and hundreds of people, while low-budget independent films can be created by an eight or nine (or fewer) skeleton crew. This is a typical crew position:

• Storyboard artist: create visual images to help the director and the production designer communicate their ideas to the production team.
• Directed: primarily responsible for storytelling, creative decisions, and film acting.
  • The director's assistant (AD): manages the shooting and production logistics schedule, among other tasks. There are several types of AD, each with different responsibilities.
• Film producer: rent a film crew.
  • Unit production managers: managing production budgets and production schedules. They also report, on behalf of the production office, to studio executives or film financiers.
    • Location manager: finds and manages movie locations. Almost all images display segments recorded in controlled environments at the studio sound stage, while outdoor order calls for on-site shooting.
• Production designer: the person who creates the visual conception of the film, works with the art director, who runs the art department, who makes the production set.
  • Costume designers: making clothes for the characters in this film work closely with actors, as well as other departments.
  • Hair and makeup designer: works closely with costume designers to create a specific character look.
• Casting director: finds the actor to fill in the parts in the script. This usually requires an audition of the actor.
  • Choreographers: create and coordinate movements and dances - usually for musicals. Some films also praise choreographers of the fight.
• The director of photography (DP): head of the entire film photography, oversees all cinematographers and Camera Operators.
• Sound mixer production: head of sound department during film production stage. They record and mix audio on set - dialogue, presence and sound effects in mono and stereo atmosphere. They work with boom operators, Directors, DA, DP, and AD First.
  • Voice designer: creates aural aural conception, works with a supervising voice editor. In Bollywood-style Indian production, sound designers play the role of audiography director.
  • Composer: creating new music for movies. (usually not until post production)

Production

In production, films are made and shot. More crew will be recruited at this stage, such as property master, script supervisor, assistant director, stills photographer, image editor, and sound editor. This is just the most common role in filmmaking; the production office will be free to create a unique blend of roles that suit the various responsibilities that may be possible during film production.

The usual day shooting begins with the crew arriving at the set/location at the time of their call. Actors usually have separate call times themselves. Because of the designated construction, makeup and lighting can take hours or even days, they are often prearranged.

The grip design crew, electric and production are usually one step ahead of the camera and sound department: for the sake of efficiency, while the scene is being filmed, they are already preparing for the next one.

While the crew prepares their equipment, the actors perform their costumes and attend hairdressing and makeup departments. The actors practice the script and block with the director, and the camera and the sound crew practice with them and make the final tweak. Finally, this action is taken as many as the director wants. Most American production follows certain procedures:

The assistant director (AD) calls "the picture is up!" to inform everyone that a pickup will be recorded, and then "calm down, everything!" Once everyone is ready to shoot, AD calls "voice roll" (if the take involves sound), and the production sound mixer will start their equipment, record the spoken slate of take information, and announce "speed of sound", or simply "speed" when they are ready. AD follows with "roll camera", answered by "speed!" by the camera operator once the camera is recording. Clapper, who is already in front of the camera with a clapperboard, calls "marker!" and slapped him. If the retrieval involves extra action or background, the AD will signal to them ("action background!"), And the last one is the director, telling the actor "action!". AD might echo "action" harder on the big set.

The fetch is complete when the director calls "cut!", And records the sound and the camera stops. The script supervisor will note the problem of continuity and the voice team and camera record technical notes for retrieval on each report sheet. If the director decides the necessary addition, the whole process will be repeated. Once satisfied, the crew moves to the next camera angle or "setup," until the entire scene is "closed." When the filming is finished for the scene, the assistant director declares "pack" or "move," and the crew will "attack," or unload, the set for the scene.

At the end of the day, the director approved the filming schedule the next day and a daily progress report was sent to the production office. This includes a report sheet of continuity, sound, and camera team. The call sheet is distributed to the cast and crew to let them know when and where the next shoot will appear. Then, directors, producers, other department heads, and, sometimes, players, can come together to watch that day or yesterday's recording, called daily , and review their work.

With 14 or 18 hour working days in remote locations, film production tends to create team spirit. When the entire film is in the can, or in the completion of the production phase, it is usual for the production office to organize the pack party, to thank all the players and crew for their efforts.

For the production stage of the live action film, synchronizing the work schedule of major players and crew members is very important, because for many scenes, some cast members and most of the crew must be physically present at the same place at the same time (and bank stars may need to be hasty -part from one project to another project). Animated films have different workflows in the production phase, where voice talent can record their taking in the recording studio at different times and may not see each other until the movie premiere, while most of the direct physical action tasks are not required or simulated by various types of animators.

Postproduction

Here the video/movie is assembled by the movie editor. Movie shots edited material. The production sound (dialog) is also edited; music tracks and songs composed and recorded if the movie is searched for has a score; sound effects are designed and recorded. Any visual effects of computer graphics are added digitally by an artist. Finally, all sound elements are mixed into "stems", which are then married to the image, and the film is completely finished ("locked").

Distribution

This is the last stage, where the film is released to the cinema or, sometimes, directly to consumer media (VHS, VCD, DVD, Blu-ray) or direct downloads from digital media providers. The movie is duplicated as needed (either into movies or hard disk drives) and distributed to theaters for exhibition (screening). Other press supplies, posters and other creatives were published, and the film was advertised and promoted. The B-roll clip can be released to the press on the basis of raw image footage for documentary making, which may include clip-making and predefined interviews.

Film distributors usually release movies with launch parties, red carpet premiere, press releases, press interviews, press preview screenings, and festival film screenings. Most films are also promoted with their own dedicated websites that are separate from sites or distributors of production. For big films, key personnel are often contractually asked to participate in promotional tours where they appear in premieres and festivals, and sit for interviews with many TV, print media, and online journalists. Largest production may require more than one promotional tour, to rejuvenate viewer requests in every release window.

Since the advent of home videos in the early 1980s, most major films have followed the pattern of having several different release windows. Movies may be first released to certain theaters, or if the tests are good enough, can go straight to wide release. Furthermore, it is released, usually at different times of several weeks (or months) apart, to different market segments such as rentals, retail, pay-per-view, in-flight entertainment, cable, satellite or free-to-air television broadcasts.. Distribution rights for this film are also usually sold for worldwide distribution. Distributors and production companies share profits and manage losses.

Maps Filmmaking

Independent film creation

Film making also takes place outside the mainstream and is generally called independent filmmaking. Since the introduction of DV technology, production tools have become more democratized. Filmmakers can shoot and edit movies, create and edit sounds and music, and mix final pieces on home computers. However, while production facilities can be democratized, financing, traditional distribution, and marketing remain difficult to achieve beyond traditional systems. In the past, most independent filmmakers relied on film festivals (such as Sundance, Venice, Cannes and film festivals in Toronto) to get their films watched and sold for distribution and production. However, the internet has allowed the distribution of relatively inexpensive independent films on websites like YouTube. As a result, some companies appear to assist filmmakers in getting independent films viewed and sold through major internet markets, often adjacent to popular Hollywood titles. With the distribution of Internet movies, independent filmmakers who choose to break traditional distribution deals now have the ability to reach a global audience.

src: www.uncsa.edu

See also

src: www.lafilm.edu

References

src: trianglefilmmaking.com

External links

• Movie creation in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
• Internet Filterer FAQ - commonly asked questions about filming
• Magazine magazine
• Director's Diary: The Road to Their First Movie

Source of the article : Wikipedia