A storage water heater , or hot water system (HWS) , is a domestic water heater that uses a hot water storage tank to maximize heating capacity and provides instant delivery of hot water. Conventional storage water heaters use a variety of fuels, including natural gas, propane, fuel oil, and electricity. Less conventional water heating technologies, such as water heat pump heaters and solar water heaters, can also be categorized as storage water heaters.
Video Storage water heater
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The heat of the sun is clean and renewable. This is the most modern system. More and more solar water heaters are used. Their solar collectors are installed outside the dwelling, usually on the roof or walls or nearby, and drinkable hot water storage tanks are usually existing or new conventional water heaters, or water heaters designed specifically for solar heat.
The most basic solar thermal model is a direct-gain type, in which drinking water is sent directly to the collector. Many such systems are said to use integrated collector storage (ICS), because the direct gain system usually has an integrated storage inside the collector. Inherently water heating is inherently more efficient than indirect heating through heat exchangers, but such systems offer very limited freeze protection (if any), can easily heat water at unsafe temperatures for domestic use, and the ICS system suffers severe heat loss on a cold night. and a cold and cloudy day.
In contrast, indirectly closed or closed loop systems do not allow drinking water through the panel, but instead pump heat transfer fluids (either water or water/antifreeze mixtures) through the panels. After collecting heat on the panel, the heat transfer fluid flows through the heat exchanger, transferring its heat to the potable water. When the panel is cooler than the storage tank or when the storage tank has reached its maximum temperature, the controller in a closed-loop system will stop the circulating pump. In the drainback system, water flows to storage tanks contained in conditioned or semi-conditioned spaces, protected from freezing temperatures. With antifreeze system, however, the pump must be run if the panel temperature is too hot (to prevent antifreeze degradation) or too cold (to prevent water/antifreeze mixture from freezing).
Flat panel collectors are commonly used in closed-loop systems. Flat panels, which often resemble skylights, are the most durable collector type, and they also have the best performance for systems designed for temperatures in temperatures of around 100Ã, ° C (38Ã,  ° C). Flat panels are regularly used both in pure water and antifreeze systems.
Another type of solar collector is an evacuated tube collector , which is intended for cold climates that do not experience severe hail and/or applications where high temperatures are required (ie, more than 200 ° F (93 Â ° Â ° C)). Placed on the shelf, the evacuated tube collector forms a row of glass tubes, each containing an absorption fins attached to a heat conducting rod (copper or condensing condensation). The evacuation description refers to the void created in the glass tube during the manufacturing process, which results in very low heat losses and allows the evacuated tube system to reach extreme temperatures, well beyond the boiling point of water.
Maps Storage water heater
Fossil fuel-fueled heaters
The natural gas and propane gas storage water heater operates identically with the gas or propane burner located at the bottom of the storage tank that heats the water. The oil-fired water heater is also configured similarly to lighting up the oil and air fog that evaporates with electric sparks.
Emissions from fossil-fueled water heaters are removed using a variety of ventilation technologies. The atmospheric ventilation system uses indoor air as combustion air and exhaust air. The exhaust air is removed through the chimney by the buoyant force generated from combustion. The electric ventilation model operates similarly to the atmospheric ventilation system, but the exhaust fan is added to assist the burning of the combustion gases. Direct ventilation systems do not use room air for combustion; on the other hand, the buoyancy of the air from the outside through the burning system of the water heater and finally exhaust the combustion gases outward. Direct-powered ventilation systems include exhaust fans to assist in the removal of combustion gases.
Wood
As fossil fuels, firewood causes greenhouse gases. But wood is a source of renewable energy. The sustainable heat system will use summer sunlight, and a minimum of wood in winter, thanks to maximum insulation.
Electric water heater
Most electric water heaters use electrical resistant elements to heat water in a storage tank using two elements of electrical resistance, located at the bottom and top of the storage tank. Each element is controlled by an independent thermostat. In the two tank elements, the bottom element provides recovery from standby losses and the top element provides heating during periods of large hot water use. Some resistance water heaters contain only lower elements.
Electric water heaters that store hot water can be the right pair for intelligent power distribution systems, heating up when the electrical network load is low and off when the load is high. This can be implemented by enabling the power supplier to send a charge transfer request, or by using real-time energy prices. See Economics 7.
Heater heat pumps use an air source heat pump to transfer heat energy from the air around the unit to the storage tank. Elements of electrical resistance are usually included to provide reserve heating if the heat pump can not provide adequate heating capacity.
Thermal and electrical systems
Most of the energy used to generate electricity is lost as heat.
It is possible to send electricity more than 200 km, but move the heat energy becomes impractical beyond about 1 km. The entire thermal system can be considered as a way to transport long-range heat.
See also
- Tank water heating
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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