The postcard or postcard card is a rectangular or thin cardboard paper intended for writing and sending letters without envelopes. Forms other than rectangles can also be used. There are new exceptions, such as wooden postcards, made of thin wood, and copper postcards sold in the State of Michigan State Copper USA, and coconut "postcards" from tropical islands.
In some places, a person can send postcards at a lower cost than mail. Stamp collectors distinguish between postcards (requiring stamps) and postcards (which have stamps printed on it). While postcards are usually printed by private companies, individuals or organizations, postcards are issued by the relevant postal authorities.
The oldest postcard in the world was sent in 1840 to author Theodore Hook of Fulham in London, England. The study and collection of postcards is called deltiology .
Video Postcard
Initial history of postcards
Cards with messages have been created and posted sporadically by individuals since the start of the postal service. The earliest known picture postcard is a hand-painted design on the card, posted in Fulham in London by author Theodore Hook for himself in 1840, and carrying a black cents pen. He may make and post the card for himself as a practical joke on the postal service, because it is a caricature of a worker at the post office. In 2002 the postcards were sold with a record of Ã, Â £ 31,750.
In the United States, the custom of sending by mail, at the mailing rates, drawings or stock of blank cards holding messages, begins with a postmarked card in December 1848 containing print ads. The first commercially produced card was made in 1861 by John P. Charlton of Philadelphia, who patented a postcard, and sold the rights to Hymen Lipman, whose postcard, complete with an adorned border, was labeled "Lipman postcards". These cards have no pictures.
In the UK, postcards with no images were issued by the Post Office in 1870, and printed with stamps as part of the design, which was included in the purchase price. These cards are available in two sizes. The larger size is found a bit too large for ease of handling, and is immediately withdrawn for a shorter 13mm (½ inch) card. The first known printed postcard, with pictures on one side, was made in France in 1870 at Camp Conlie by LÃÆ'Ã… © in Besnardeau (1829-1914). Conlie is a training camp for soldiers in the Franco-Prussian war. The cards have lithographic designs printed on them containing drawings of weapon stack symbols on both sides of the scroll topped by the Duchy of Brittany arm and the words "War of 1870. Camp Conlie, National Defense Souvenirs of the Brittany Army." Although this is obviously the first known postcard image, there is no room for postage and there is no evidence that they were ever posted without envelopes.
The following year, the first known picture postcard in which the image serves as a souvenir is sent from Vienna. The first ad card appeared in 1872 in the United Kingdom and the first German card appeared in 1874. The cards showing the images increased in number during the 1880s. Images of the new Eiffel Tower built in 1889 and 1890 provided a boost to postcards, leading to the so-called "golden age" of postcard pictures in the years after the mid-1890s. Early postcards often show off naked female photography. These are commonly known as French postcards, as large quantities of them are produced in France.
Maps Postcard
Initial postcard
The first American postcard was developed in 1873 by the Morgan Envelope Factory of Springfield, Massachusetts. This first postcard describes the Interstate Industry Exhibition taking place in Chicago. Then in 1873, Post Master John Creswell introduced the first "Pre-printed Postcards", often called "penny postcards." Postcards are created because people are looking for an easier way to send quick notes. The first postcard printed as a souvenir in the United States was made in 1893 to advertise the Colombian World Fair in Chicago.
The Post Office was the only establishment allowed to print postcards, and held a monopoly until May 19, 1898, when Congress passed the Private Mailing Card Act, which allowed private publishers and printers to produce postcards. Initially, the government of the United States forbade private companies calling their cards "postcards", so they are known as "souvenir cards". These cards must be labeled "Private Mailing Cards". The ban was canceled on December 24, 1901, when private companies could use the word "postcard". Postcards are not allowed to have divided backs and correspondents can only write on the front of a postcard. This is known as the "undivided" postcard era. From 1 March 1907 the Post Office allowed citizens to write on the side of the postcard address. On this date postcards are allowed to have "split backs".
On these cards the back is divided into two parts: the left part is used for messages and the right to address. So began the Golden Age of American postcards, culminating in 1910 with the introduction of rates on postcards printed by Germany, and ending in 1915, when World War I ultimately disrupted the printing and importing of fine German print cards. Postcards craze between 1907 and 1910 are very popular among rural women and small towns in the northern US state.
Postcards, in the form of government postcards and personalized souvenir cards, became very popular as a result of the Columbian Exhibition, held in Chicago in 1893, after a postcard displaying the building was distributed at the fair. In 1908, more than 677 million postcards were sent.
The "white border" era, named after the borders around the drawing area, lasted from about 1916 to 1930.
20th-century United States postcard
Linen postcards were produced in large quantities from 1931 to 1959. Regardless of the name, the linen postcards are not produced on linen, but use newer printing processes that use cheap stock cards with high fabric content, and then finish with a pattern that resembles linen. The face of the card is distinguished by the appearance of a textured fabric that makes it easy to spot. The opposite of a smooth card, like a postcard before. The fabric content in the card stock allows a much more colorful and vibrant image to print than the previous "white border" style. Because of their cheap production and bright realistic images they become popular.
One of the more famous postcard manufacturers of the past is Curt Teich and Company, who first produced a very popular "big mail" postcard (among many others). The card design displays the uppercase spelling of a country or place with a smaller photo in the letter. The design can still be found in many places today. Other manufacturers include Tichnor and Company, Haynes, Stanley Piltz, E.C Kropp, and Asheville Postcard Company.
In the late 1920s, new dyes had been developed that were of great interest to the printing industry. Although they are best used as a dye to show off their brightness, this proves to be problematic. Where traditional pigment-based inks will be above the surface of the paper, these thinner aqueous dyes tend to be absorbed into the paper fiber, where it loses the advantage of higher color density, leaving dull blurry results. To experience the rich colors of the light dye must be able to pass them to raise their electrons. The partial solution is to combine these dyes with petroleum distillates, leading to faster drying ink heatsets. But Curt Teich finally solved the problem with embossed paper with linen texture before printing. Embossing creates more surface area, allowing the new heatset ink to dry faster. A faster drying time allows the dye to remain on the surface of the paper, thus maintaining its superior strength, which gives bright colors to Linens. In addition to printing with the usual CYMK color, lighter blue colors are sometimes used to provide additional blow images. Higher pressure pressures can also accommodate this method, which leads to widespread use. Although first introduced in 1931, their increasing popularity was disrupted by the outbreak of war. They will not be printed in numbers again until the 1940s, when the war effort stopped consuming most of the country's resources. Although the pictures on the linen card are based on the photos, they contain a lot of handwork from the artists who brought them into production. Of course there is nothing new in this; what matters is that they become the last postcard to show the touch of human hands on them. In their last days, much of it was published to make it more like a photo-based chrome card that began to dominate the market. Textured paper for postcards has been produced since the turn of the century. But since this procedure is not a necessary step in assisting card production, the additional costs make the process limited to a handful of publishers. Its original use most likely stems from attempts to simulate the texture of the canvas, thereby linking postcards with painted artwork.
The United States Postal Service defines the postcards as: rectangular, at least 3 1 / 2 inch (88.9 Mm) high ÃÆ'â € "5 inches (127 mm) long ÃÆ'â €" 0.007 inches (0.178 mm) thick and no more than 4 1 / 4 inch high (108 mm) ÃÆ'â € "6 inch (152.4 mm) long ÃÆ'â €" 0.016 inch (0.406 mm) thick. However, some postcards have deviated from this (for example, postcards shaped).
Contemporary postcards
The last and lastest postcard era, started around 1939, is the "chrome" era, but this type of card did not start dominating until about 1950. The images on this card are generally based on color photos, and easily identified by the glossy appearance provided by layers of paper. 'These photographs make invisible looks, unnoticed attention, complex complexes and simple complexes. The power of the photo still forms a symbolic structure and makes the image a reality ', as Elizabeth Edwards writes in her book: The Tourist Image: Myths and Myths in Tourism.
In 1973, the British Post Office introduced a new type of card, the PHQ Card, which was popular with collectors, especially when they had the corresponding stick affixed and the first day of the postmark problem was obtained.
Postcards in British India
In July 1879, the Indian Post Office introduced a quarter of anna postcards that could be displayed from one place to another in British India. This is the cheapest post form given to Indian people to date and proved a great success. The establishment of a large postal system that includes India resulted in unprecedented post access: a message on a postcard could be sent from one part of the country to another (often to the physical address without the nearest post office) without additional stamps affixed. This was followed in April 1880 by postcards intended exclusively for government use and by postcards replies in 1890. The postcard facility continues up to this date in independent India.
British seaside postcards
In 1894, British publishers were given permission by Royal Mail to produce and distribute picture postcards, which can be sent by post. It was originally thought that the first British postcard was produced by Stewarts printing company from Edinburgh but then research published in Picture Postcard Monthly in 1991, has shown that the first GB card image was published by ETW Dennis of Scarborough. Two samples of postcard from September 1894 card E T W Dennis survived but no Stewart card of 1894 was found. The initial postcard is a landmark image, beautiful scenery, celebrity photos or pictures and so on. With steam locomotives providing fast and affordable travel, the beach becomes a popular tourist destination, and it produces its own souvenir industry.
In the early 1930s, cartoon-style postcards became widespread, and at the peak of their popularity, sales of hot postcards reached 16 million a year. They are often grim in nature, utilizing satire and double entenders and traditional stereotypical characters such as priests, great women, and husbands who are placed, in the same vein as the Carry On film.
In the early 1950s, the newly elected Conservative government was concerned about the moral decline in Britain and decided to crack down on this postcard. The main target of their campaign is postcard artist Donald McGill. In the more liberal 1960s, saucy postcards were revived and subsequently considered by some to be an art form. However, during the 1970s and 1980s, the quality of artwork and humor began to deteriorate and, by changing attitudes toward card contents, the destruction of saucy postcards took place.
The original postcard is now highly sought after, and a rare example can command a high price on the auction. The most famous beach postcard is made by a publishing company called Bamforths, based in the town of Holmfirth, West Yorkshire, England.
Despite the decline in postcard popularity that is blatantly 'cute', postcards continue to be a significant economic and cultural aspect of UK beach tourism. Sold by newspaper agents and street vendors, as well as by special souvenir shops, modern waterfront postcards often feature some resort depictions in very favorable weather conditions. British photographer John Hinde used saturated colors and planned his photographs carefully, which made his postcards in the 20th century then collected and admired as kitsch. Such cards are also respected as important documents of social history, and have influenced the work of Martin Parr.
Japanese
In Japan, the official postcard has one side dedicated exclusively to the address, and the other side to the content, though postcard personal image and postcard pictures are also there. In Japan today, there are two custom postcard habits: New Year Postcards ( ??? , nengaj? ) and return postcards s ( ????? , ? fuku-hagaki ) . New Year's Day postcards serve as greeting cards, similar to Western Christmas cards, while postcards return to work with self-addressed stamped envelopes, allowing one to receive a reply without burdening the recipient with postage. Return a postcard consisting of one double-size sheet, and costs double the price of a regular postcard - one at an address and write it half as a normal postcard, write your own address on the card again, leave the other side blank for replies, then fold and send. Return postcards most commonly encountered by non-Japanese in the context of making reservations at certain locations that only accept bookings with postcards back, especially in Saih? -ji (moss temple). For overseas purposes, international reply coupons are used.
In Japan, the official postcards were introduced in December 1873, shortly after the stamps were introduced to Japan. Postcards were re-introduced in 1885, postcards closed in 1900, and private postcards were allowed from 1900.
Russian
In the Russian Federation State Standard "GOST 51507-99 Postcards Technical Requirements Control Methods" (2000) provide the following definitions:
Post Card is a standard rectangular form of paper for public posting. According to the same country standard, cards are classified by type and type.
Depending on whether or not the image on the card printing stamp is divided into two types:
- tagged;
- not flagged.
Depending on whether or not the card illustrates, the cards are divided into two types:
- is illustrated;
- is simple, it is not illustrated.
The cards, depending on the location of the illustrations are divided into:
- The vector card at the location on the front side;
- on the reverse side.
Depending on the area card running is divided into: Card
- for shipping within Russian Federation (internal mail);
- card for delivery outside the Russian Federation (international postage).
Free postcards
Specialist marketing companies in many countries produce and distribute free postcard advertising available. These are usually offered on wire rack displays in plazas, coffee shops and other commercial locations, usually not intended to be delivered.
Controversy
The early appearance of the postcard pictorial (and the enthusiasm of the new media is embraced) raises some legal issues. Picture postcards allow and encourage many individuals to post images across national borders, and the legal availability of postcard images in one country does not guarantee that the card will be deemed "viable" in the destination country, or in the middle countries that the card must pass. Some countries may refuse to handle postcards containing sexual references (on postcard postcards) or full or partial nudity images (for example, in classic sculptural or painting images).
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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