Mail order is the purchase of goods or services by mail delivery. The buyer places an order for the desired product with the merchant via some remote method such as through a phone call or website. Then, the product is delivered to the customer. Products are usually sent directly to customer-provided addresses, such as home addresses, but sometimes orders are sent to the nearest retail location to be picked up by the customer. Some merchants also allow goods to be sent directly to third-party consumers, which is an effective way to send gifts to recipients outside the city.
Mail order catalog is a publication that lists the general merchandise of a company. Companies that publish and operate mail order catalogs are referred to as catalogs within the industry. Cataloguers buy or produce goods then market the item to the prospect (prospect). Cataloguers can "hire" names from list brokers or cooperative databases. The catalog itself is published in the same way as a magazine publication and is distributed through various means, usually via postal and internet services.
Sometimes supermarket products do mail order promotion, where people can send UPC plus shipping and handling to get tailor made products for the company.
Video Mail order
History
Initial catalog
In 1498, the publisher Aldus Manutius of Venice printed the catalog of books he printed. In 1667, the English carpenter William Lucas published a catalog of seeds, which he sent to his customers to tell them about the price. The catalog spread to colonial America, where Benjamin Franklin is believed to be the first cataloger in the United Kingdom of England. In 1744 he produced catalogs of scholarly and academic books on sale.
First mail order
Welsh Entrepreneur Pryce Pryce-Jones arranged the first modern letter order in 1861. Started as an apprentice to a local cloth merchant in Newtown, Wales, he took over business in 1856 and named it the Welsh Royal Warehouse, selling local Welsh flannels.
The formation of the Penny Post Uniform in 1840, and the expansion of the railway network to Newtown, helped to turn the small countryside's attention into a globally renowned company. In 1861, Pryce-Jones invented a unique method of selling his wares. He distributes his catalog of goods across the country, allowing people to choose the items they want and order them by mail; he will then deliver the goods to customers via train. This is an ideal way to meet customer needs in a remote rural location that is too busy or unable to get into Newtown to shop directly. This is the first mail order business in the world, an idea that will change the nature of retail in the next century.
The further expansion of the railway in subsequent years allows Pryce Jones to expand its customer base and its business is growing rapidly. He supplies his products to a variety of impressive famous clients, including Florence Nightingale and Queen Victoria, Princess Wales and royal households throughout Europe. He also started exporting curtains to the US and British colonies.
One of its most popular products is the Euklisia Carpet, the pioneer of the modern sleeping bag, which Pryce-Jones exported worldwide, at one point landed a contract with the Russian Army for 60,000 rugs. In 1880, he had over 100,000 subscribers and his success was rewarded in 1887 with his knighthood.
In North America
In 1845, Tiffany's Blue Book was the first mail order catalog in the United States.
In 1872, Aaron Montgomery Ward of Chicago produced a mail order catalog for his mail order business at Montgomery Ward. By purchasing the goods and then reselling them directly to the customer, Aaron Montgomery Ward thus moves the middleman in the general store and for the benefit of the customer, drastically lowering the price.
The first catalog is a piece of paper with a price list, 8 times 12 inches, showing merchandise for sale and ordering instructions. Montgomery Ward identifies a careful trader farmer's market in the Midwest. Within two decades, its one-page product list grew into a 540-page picture book that sold over 20,000 items.
From about 1921 to 1931, Ward sold prefabricated garage houses, called Wardway Homes, by mail order.
Hammacher Schlemmer is the earliest mail-order business founded by Alfred Hammacher in New York City in 1848. Offering mechanical tools and hardware builders, his first catalog was published in 1881.
T. Eaton Co. Limited was founded in 1869 in Toronto by Timothy Eaton, an Irish immigrant. The first Eaton catalog was a 34 page booklet published in 1884. As Eaton grew, so did his catalog. In 1920, Eaton's mail order warehouse operated in Winnipeg, Toronto, and Moncton to serve its catalog customers. The catalog cataloging office was also established across the country, with the first opening in Oakville in 1916.
Sears
Richard Warren Sears started a business selling watches through mail order catalog at Redwood Falls, Minnesota in 1888. In 1894, the Sears catalog had grown to 322 pages, featuring sewing machines, bicycles, sporting goods, cars (produced from 1905-1915 by Lincoln Motor Car Works of Chicago, unrelated to the current Ford Motor Company brand of the same name) and a host of other new items.
Organizing the company so as to handle orders economically and efficiently, clothing manufacturer Chicago Julius Rosenwald became owner of the section in 1895. In the following year, dolls, fridges, stoves and groceries have been added to the catalog. Sears, Roebuck and Co. soon developed a reputation for high quality products and customer satisfaction. In 1895, the company produced a 532-page catalog with the greatest variety of items imaginable to anyone at the time. "In 1893, sales totaled 400,000 dollars, two years later they exceeded 750,000 dollars."
In 1906 Sears opened his catalog factory and the Sears Merchandise Building Tower. And at that time, the Sears catalog had been known in the industry as "the Consumers' Bible". In 1933, Sears, Roebuck and Co. produced the first of his famous Christmas catalog known as "Sears Wishbook", a catalog featuring toys and gifts and separate from the annual Christmas Catalog.
From 1908 to 1940, Sears also sold kit houses with postal orders, selling 70,000 to 75,000 such homes, many of which are still living today.
Manufacture industry
By creating a direct marketing industry through a mail order catalog, Pryce Pryce-Jones and Aaron Montgomery Ward allow the creation of a powerful global network that comes to include everything from mail orders, to telemarketing and social media. Mail orders change the world market by introducing the concept of privacy and individuality into the retail industry. Currently, the mail order catalog industry is worth about 100 billion dollars and generates more than 2 trillion in additional sales.
Moores
Sir John Moores was the most famous British businessman and philanthropist for the establishment of a Littlewoods retail company located in Liverpool, England. Moores became a billionaire through the creation of Littlewood Pool, one of the most famous names in sports gambling in the UK.
In January 1932, Moores was able to release himself enough from the pool to start Littlewoods Mail Order Store. This was followed on July 6, 1937 by the opening of Littlewoods' first department store in Blackpool. By the time World War II started there were 25 Littlewoods stores across the UK and over 50 in 1952.
The first Littlewoods catalog was published in May 1932 with 168 pages. The motto of the catalog is, "We are raising our Flag at the Port of Supply, and soon we are sailing to the Demand Port - Rumah Rakyat, we intend to help the homebuyers in this country help them get some profit made by manufacturing and trading... to saving money on things they have to have This catalog is our Ship... managed by the English crew... You will not find sleepy old stuff brought in the ship LITTLEWOODS Only the newest of the new stuff - merchandise honestly English-made. "
With the success of the catalog business, Moores moved its business four times to larger buildings in 1932. Moores sailed to America to see the operations of Montgomery Ward and Sears and Roebuck. In 1936, the business had reached 4 million pounds, making Moores a billionaire for the second time, by mail order.
Penney
James Cash Penney started his first retail store in 1902 in Kemmerer, Wyoming. In 1925, J.C. Penney has 674 stores that generate sales of $ 91 million. In 1962, J.C. Penney purchased a Wisconsin-based General Merchandise Company with discount stores and mail order operations. So J.C. Penney entered the mail order catalog business. J.C. Penney, a late person in catalog operation, is different from many of its competitors because it has a large retail store base before it is launched into the mail-order business. Catalog J.C. The first Penney shipped the following year in 1963. Customers may order from catalogs within J.C. Penney Shop in eight states. The J.C. Penney Catalog Distribution Center is located in Milwaukee.
Wunderman
Mail orders always rely on innovative techniques of selling products directly to consumers at attractive prices, but the term "direct marketing" was only invented in 1967, by Lester Wunderman - considered a contemporary direct marketing father. He is behind the creation of toll-free 1-800 numbers and many loyalty marketing programs based on order mail including Columbia Record Club, magazine subscription cards, and American Express Customer Rewards program.
The information age
With the invention of the Internet, the company's website becomes a more common way to order merchandise by mail, even though the term "postal order" is not always used to describe the ordering of goods over the Internet. It's more common to refer to this as e-commerce or online shopping. Online shopping allows more detailed information (including audio and video) to be presented, and allows ordering faster than via a submission form (though phone orders are also common for mail-order catalogs). Most traditional mail order companies now also sell over the Internet, in some cases with PDF or tablet applications that allow shoppers to browse electronic catalogs that resemble very closely paper.
The increase in paper, printing and postage costs has led some traditional catalog merchants, such as Bloomingdale, to suspend their print catalog and only sell through websites. Also, while some internet merchants are also catalog merchants, many have never had a print catalog.
Catalog publication
Mail Order Catalog Year established
- Thonet brothers 1859 (GER)
- Royal Welsh 1861 (UK) Warehouse
- Montgomery Ward: 1872 (US)
- Hammacher Schlemmer: 1881 (US claiming to be the longest catalog in the US)
- Eaton: 1884 (Canada)
- Sears: 1888 (US)
- Universal Store: 1900 (United Kingdom)
- Freemans: 1905 (English)
- Spiegel Inc. 1905 (US)
- Empire: 1907 (English)
- Grattan: 1912 (English)
- L.L.Bean: 1912 (US)
- Eddie Bauer: 1920 (US)
- La Redoute: 1922 (France)
- Littlewoods: 1932 (English)
- 3 Suisses: 1932 (FR)
- Miles Kimball: 1935 (US)
- Vermont Country Store: 1945 (US)
- Walter Drake: 1947 (US)
- Cohasset Colony: 1949 (US)
- Lillian Vernon: 1951 (USA)
- Taylor Prize: 1952 (USA)
- Simpsons-Sears: 1953 (Canada) - Sears partnership with the existing Simpson chain
- Harriet Carter: 1958 (USA)
- Otto: 1959 (Germany)
- Lands' End: 1963 (US)
- Potpourri Group: 1963 (USA)
- JC Penney: 1963 (US)
- Carol Wright Prize: 1972 (USA)
- Corporate Health Dr Leonard: 1980 (US)
- Next: 1988 (English)
- SkyMall: 1990 (US)
- Scotts of Stow: 1992 (English)
- Neckermann: Ã, ???? (Germany)
- Quelle: 1927 (German)
- Basnett: 2010 (US)
Maps Mail order
Tax
The goal of the direct marketing industry is to change the sales distribution chain, in other words [cut] wholesalers and retailers and directly to customers, thereby reducing tariffs and taxes.
In the United States, the advantage of this type of spending is that traders are usually not required by law to add sales tax to the price of the goods unless they have a physical presence in the customer's country. In contrast, most countries require buyers to pay taxes. There have been periodic discussions about changing laws to make these sales taxable, especially with increased online shopping (see eg Amazon tax).
In the European Union, "union VAT" applies: merchants selling to buyers in different EU member states add their own country's VAT to the price, and buyers do not pay additional taxes. Buyers for resales can reduce the VAT, as well as purchases made in their own country. This makes the EU more like a country than the US in this case.
See also
- Bookselling club
- Merchant catalog
- OshKosh B'Gosh
- Select and pack
- Delivery list
- Special catalog
- Trade literature
- Wine of the Month Club
- All Earth Catalogs
References
Further reading
- Boorstin, Daniel J. "Mail-Order Business A. Montgomery Ward," Chicago History (1973) 2 # 3 pp 142-152.
- Boorstin, Daniel J. Americans: The Democratic Experience (1973), pp 118-36, 630
- Baker, H. N. B. Great Catalog: The Life of Aaron Montgomery Ward (1956).
- Coopey, Richard, Sean O'Connell, and Dilwyn Porter. "Mail order in Great Britain c) 1880-1960: how mail orders compete with other forms of retail," International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research (1999) 9 # 3 pp 261- 273.
- Emmett, Boris, and John E Jeuck. Catalogs and Counters: History of Sears, Roebuck and Company (1950), standard scientific history
- Heine, Irwin M. "The Influence of Geographic Factors in Mail Order Business Development," American Marketing Journal (1936) 3 # 2 pp.Ã, 127-130 at JSTOR
- Latham, Frank B. 1872-1972: The Century Serving Consumers. Ward Montgomery's Story (1972)
- Michael, Steven C. "Competition in organizational form: Mail order versus retail store, 1910-1940," Journal of Economic Behavior & amp; Organization (1994) 23 # 3 pp 269-286, online
- Schlereth, Thomas J. "Mail-Order Catalog as a Resource in American Cultural Studies," Prospect (1982) Vol. 7, pp 141-161.
- Smalley, Orange A. "Market Entry and Economic Adaptation: First Decade of Spiegel in Mail Order," Business History Review (1961) 35 # 3 pp 372-401. Cover 1905 to 1915. in JSTOR
- Smalley, Orange A. and Frederick D. Sturdivant. Credit Merchants: History of Spiegel, Inc. (1973)
- Sroge, Maxwell. Mail Order Industry (1991)
- Woodham, Jonathan (1997), Twenty Century Design , New York, NY, USA and London, UK: Oxford University Press, ISBN: 0192842048, OCLCÃ, 35777427 < span>
External links
- Nystrom, Paul Henry. Chapter XIV, "Home Mail Order," Retail Economy . New York: Ronald Press, 1915. Discusses the operations and business practices of US mail order companies from 1870 to 1915.
- Mail Catalog History Mail Order in the UK
- Canadian Mail-order Catalog History - The Canadian Museum of Civilization
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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