The card debit (also known as bank card , plastic card or check card ) is a usable plastic payment card in lieu of cash when making a purchase. This is similar to a credit card, but unlike a credit card, the money comes directly from the user's bank account when making a transaction.
Some cards can carry a stored value by which payment is made, while most deliver a message to the cardholder's bank to withdraw funds from the designated bank account of the payer. In some cases, the primary account number is assigned exclusively for use on the Internet and there is no physical card.
In many countries, the use of debit cards has become so extensive that their volume has been taken over or completely replaced the check and, in some cases, cash transactions. The development of debit cards, unlike credit cards and charge cards, is generally a specific country that produces a number of different systems around the world, which are often incompatible. Since the mid-2000s, a number of initiatives have enabled debit cards to be issued in one country for use in other countries and enabling their use for internet and phone purchases.
Unlike credit cards and bills, payments by debit card are immediately transferred from the bank account designated by the cardholder, rather than paying back the money in the future.
Debit cards usually also allow instant cash withdrawals, acting as ATM cards to withdraw cash. Merchants can also offer cashback facilities to customers, where customers can withdraw cash along with their purchase.
Video Debit card
Jenis sistem kartu debit
There are currently three ways of debit card transactions EFTPOS (also known as online debit or debit PIN ), offline debit (also known as debit signature ), and Electronic Purse Card System . A physical card can include the functions of all three types, so it can be used in a number of different circumstances.
Although the four largest card issuers (American Express, Discover Card, MasterCard, and Visa) all offer debit cards, there are many other types of debit cards, each accepted only in certain countries or regions, eg Switch (now: Maestro) and Solo in the UK, Interac in Canada, Carte Bleue in France, EC cash electronics (formerly Eurocheque) in Germany, UnionPay in China, RuPay in India and EFTPOS cards in Australia and New Zealand. The need for cross-border compatibility and the recent emergence of the euro led to many of these card networks (such as the "Swiss direkt", "Bankomatkasse" of Austria, and Switches in the United Kingdom) re-branded with internationally recognized Maestro Logo , which is part of the MasterCard brand. Multiple double branded debit cards with national (as opposed to) national card and Maestro logos (eg EC cards in Germany, Switch and Solo in the UK, Pinpas cards in the Netherlands, Bancontact cards in Belgium etc.). The use of a debit card system allows operators to package their products more effectively while monitoring customer spending.
Online debit system
Online debit cards require electronic authorization for each transaction and debit will be displayed in the user's account immediately. This transaction can also be secured with a Personal Identification Number (PIN) authentication system; some online cards require such authentication for each transaction, which is basically an enhanced automated cash register (ATM) card.
One of the difficulty of using an online debit card is the need for an electronic point of authorization device at the point of sale (POS) and sometimes also a separate PINpad to enter a PIN, although this is common to all card transactions in many countries.
Overall, online debit cards are generally considered superior to offline debit cards because of the more secure authentication system and live status, which reduces the problem with processing delays in transactions that may simply issue an online debit card. Some on-line debit systems use the normal Internet banking authentication process to provide real-time online debit transactions.
Offline debit system
Offline debit cards have a primary credit card logo (for example, Visa or MasterCard) or a primary debit card (for example, Maestro in the United Kingdom and another country, but not the United States) and used at point of sale such as credit card (with payer signature). This type of debit card may be subject to a daily limit, and/or the maximum limit that is equal to the current account balance/giro from which it withdraws funds. Transactions performed with offline debit cards take 2-3 days to reflect on user account balances.
In some countries and with some merchant banks and merchant services organizations, "credit" or offline debit transactions are free to buyers beyond the nominal value of the transaction, while fees may be charged for "debit" or online debit transactions (though often absorbed by retailers). Another difference is that online debit buyers may choose to withdraw cash other than the amount of debit purchases (if the merchant supports that function); Also, from a trader's point of view, merchants pay lower fees on online debit transactions than "offline".
Electronic wallet card system
The smart-card-based electronic wallet system (where the value is stored on the card chip, not on the externally recorded account, so the machine receiving the card does not require network connectivity) is used throughout Europe since the mid-1990s, especially in Germany (Geldkarte) , Austria (Quick Wertkarte), Netherlands (Chipknip), Belgium (Proton), Switzerland (CASH) and France (Moneo, which is usually carried by debit cards). In Austria and Germany, almost all current bank cards now include electronic wallets, while electronic wallets have recently been removed in the Netherlands.
Prepaid debit card
Nomenclature
A prepaid prepaid debit card is also called a rechargeable debit card.
Users
The main markets for prepaid debit cards are traditionally people who do not have bank accounts; ie, people who do not use banks or credit unions for their financial transactions. But prepaid cards are also attractive to other users who are interested in their advantages.
Advantages
The advantages of prepaid debit cards include safer than carrying cash, worldwide functions due to acceptance of Visa and MasterCard merchants, no need to worry about paying credit or owed credit cards, an opportunity for anyone over the age of 18 to apply and be accepted regardless of credit quality, and the option to directly deposit government payments and government allowances to the card for free.
Risk
If the card provider offers an insecure website to allow you to check card balances, this may give the attacker access to card information. If you lose the card, and somehow register it, you may lose money. If the provider has technical issues, the money may not be accessible when you need it. Some corporate payment systems do not seem to accept prepaid debit cards. And there is a risk that the use of a productive prepaid debit card may cause the data provider to misrepresent you in an unfavorable way.
Provider
Company
Some of the first companies to enter this market are: MiCash, RushCard, Netspend, and Green Dot who gained market share as a result of the first time to market. However, since 1999, there are several new providers, such as TransCash, 247 cards, iKobo. This prepaid card company offers a number of benefits, such as remittance services, card transfer to card, and the ability to register without a social security number.
In 2009 a company called PEX Card launched a corporate expenditure card service intended for business users.
In 2017, many other companies also offer cards.
Government
In 2013, some municipalities (including Oakland, California, and Chicago, Illinois) now offer prepaid debit cards, either as part of a city identity card (for people like illegal immigrants who can not obtain state pass or DMV ID cards) in the case of Oakland, or in conjunction with a prepaid transit pass (Chicago). These cards have been heavily criticized for higher than average costs, including some (such as fixed fees added to every purchase made with the card) that similar products offered by Green Dot and American Express do not have them.
The US federal government uses prepaid debit cards to make allowances payments to people who do not have bank accounts. In 2008, the US Treasury paired up with Comerica Bank to offer Direct Express Debit MasterCard prepaid debit cards.
In July 2013, the Government Accounting Association released a report on the use of government prepaid cards, concluding that such programs offer a number of benefits to governments and those who receive payments with prepaid cards rather than by check. Prepaid card programs benefit most from the cost savings they offer and provide easier access to cash for recipients, as well as increased security. The report also suggests that governments should consider changing the balance of check-based payments with prepaid card programs to realize substantial savings for taxpayers, as well as benefits for payees.
Impact of bank account provided by government
In January 2016, the British government introduced a free base bank account for all, had a significant impact on the prepaid industry, including the departure of a number of companies.
Maps Debit card
Consumer protection
Consumer protection varies, depending on the network used. Visa and MasterCard, for example, prohibit the minimum and maximum purchase size, surcharges, and arbitrary security procedures on the part of the merchant. Traders typically charge higher transaction fees for credit transactions, as debit network transactions tend not to cheat. This may lead them to "steer" customers to a debit transaction. Consumers who dispute charges may find it easier to do with a credit card, because money will not leave their control immediately. Fraud charges on debit cards may also cause problems with checking accounts because the money is withdrawn immediately and thus may result in checks or bouncing checks. In some cases, the debit card issuing bank will promptly refund the disputed costs until the problem can be resolved, and in some jurisdictions, the consumer's responsibility for unauthorized charges is the same for debit and credit cards.
In some countries, such as India and Sweden, consumer protection is the same regardless of the network used. Some banks set minimum and maximum purchase sizes, mostly for online-only cards. However, this has nothing to do with the card network, but with the bank's assessment of the age and credit record of a person. Any fees that the customer pays to the bank are the same regardless of whether the transaction is done as a credit or as a debit transaction, so there is no advantage for the customer to choose one transaction mode above the other. Stores may add additional costs to the price of goods or services in accordance with the law that enables them to do so. The Bank considers that the purchase was made at the time the card was swiped, regardless of when the purchase settlement was made. Regardless of the type of transaction used, the purchase may result in an overdraft because the money is deemed to have left the account at the time the card is swiped.
Financial access
Debit cards and secure credit cards are popular among students who do not have a credit history. Debit cards can also be used by foreign workers to send money home to their families holding an affiliated debit card.
Issues with suspended offline debit posting
For consumers, debit transactions are considered to occur in real-time; yes. money is withdrawn from their account immediately after authorization requests from merchants, which in many countries, are the case when purchasing online debit. However, when a purchase is made using the "credit" option (off-line debit), the transaction only places an authorization hold on the customer's account; the funds are not actually withdrawn until the transaction is reconciled and posted aloud to the customer's account, usually a few days later. However, previous sentences apply to all types of transactions, at least when using cards issued by European banks. This is different from ordinary credit card transactions; although it can also have a time lag a few days before a transaction is posted to the account, it can be several days to a month or more before the consumer makes a payment with real money.
Because of this, in the case of benign or malicious errors by merchants or banks, debit transactions can cause more serious problems (for example, inaccessible money, bad accounts) than in the case of credit card transactions (for example, credit is inaccessible; credit). This is especially true in the United States, where check fraud is a crime in every state, but it exceeds your credit limit.
Internet purchase
Debit cards can also be used on the Internet either with or without a PIN. Internet transactions can be done in online or offline mode, although stores that accept online cards are rare in some countries (such as Sweden), while they are common in other countries (such as the Netherlands). In comparison, PayPal offers customers to use an online Maestro card only if the customer enters a Dutch residential address, but not if the same customer enters the residential address of the Swede.
Internet purchases may be authenticated by consumers entering their PIN if the merchant has activated a secure online PIN pad, in which case the transaction is conducted in debit mode. Otherwise, the transaction can be done either in credit or debit mode (which is sometimes, but not always, indicated on the receipt), and this has nothing to do with whether the transaction is done in online or offline mode, since both credit and debit transactions can be made at both modes.
Worldwide debit cards
In some countries, banks tend to charge a small fee for each debit card transaction. In some countries (eg, the UK) traders bear all costs and customers are not charged. There are many people who routinely use debit cards for all transactions, no matter how small. Some retailers (small) refuse to accept debit cards for small transactions, where paying a transaction fee will absorb the profit margin on sales, making the transaction uneconomic for the retailer.
Angola
Banks in Angola issue an official regulation on only one debit card brand: Multicaixa, which is also the only ATM brand name and POS terminal.
Armenia
ArCa (Armenian Card) - the national system of discharge (ArCa Debit and ArCa Classic) and credit (ArCa Gold, ArCa Business, ArCA Platinum, ArCa Affinity and ArCa Co-branded) cards are popular in the Republic of Armenia. Founded in 2000 by 17 of Armenia's largest banks.
Australia
Debit cards in Australia are called by different names depending on the issuing bank: Commonwealth Bank of Australia: Key Card; Westpac Banking Corporation: Handycard; National Australia Bank: FlexiCard; ANZ Bank: Access card; Bendigo Bank: Cash.
EFTPOS is very popular in Australia and has been operating there since the 1980s. Cards that support EFTPOS are accepted in almost any frictional terminal that can accept credit cards, regardless of the card issuing bank, including the Maestro card issued by a foreign bank, with most businesses receiving it, with 450,000 sales terminals.
EFTPOS cards can also be used to store and withdraw cash at counters at Australian Post outlets participating in GiroPost, as if transactions were conducted in a bank branch, even if the bank branches were closed. Electronic transactions in Australia are generally processed through Telstra Argent and Optus Transact Plus networks - which recently replaced the old Transcend network in recent years. Most early keycards can only be used for EFTPOS and at ATMs or bank branches, while new debit card systems work the same way as credit cards, except that they will only use the funds in a specified bank account. This means that, among other advantages, the new system is suitable for electronic purchases without a two to four day delay for interbank money transfers.
Australia operates electronic credit card transaction authorization and the traditional EFTPOS debit authorization system, the difference between the two is that EFTPOS transactions are authorized by a personal identification number (PIN) while credit card transactions may also be authorized using a contactless payment mechanism. If the user fails to insert the correct pin three times, the consequences range from a locked card to a minimum 24-hour period, a phone call or a trip to a branch to reactivate with a new PIN, a card withheld by the merchant, or in the case of an ATM, machines, both of which require new cards to be ordered.
Generally a credit card transaction fee is borne by the merchant at no charge to the end user (although direct 0.5-3% direct consumer surcharge is uncommon) while EFTPOS transactions charge the consumers the applicable withdrawal fees imposed by their bank.
The introduction of Visa and MasterCard debit cards in conjunction with the regulation in the settlement fees charged by operators of both EFTPOS and credit cards by the Reserve Bank has seen continuous increases in credit card use among Australians and the general decline in profiles of EFTPOS. However, the settlement fee rule also eliminates the ability of banks, which usually provide merchant services to retailers on behalf of Visa or MasterCard, from stopping retailers who charge extra to take payment by credit card, not cash or EFTPOS.
Bahrain
In Bahrain the debit card is under Benefit, an interbank network for Bahrain. Benefits are also welcome in other countries, especially GCC, similar to Saudi Payments Network and Kuwaiti KNET.
Brazil
In Brazilian debit cards it is called cartÃÆ' Â £ o de dÃÆ' Â © bito (single) and became popular from 2008 onwards. In 2013, Brazil reached a value of 100 million debit cards issued. The initial use of it was to replace the use of Checks, which was common until the first decade of the 2000s.
Currently, most financial transactions (such as shopping, etc.) are built using a debit card (and this system quickly replaces cash payments). Currently, most of the debit payments are processed using a combination of pin cards, and almost every card comes with chips to make transactions.
Major debit card vendors in Brazil are Visa (with Visa Electron card) and MasterCard (with Maestro card), as well as local Elo brand.
Benin
Bulgaria
In Bulgaria, debit cards are permitted in most stores and stores, as well as in most hotels and restaurants in major cities. Small restaurants or small shops may receive cash only. All Bulgarian banks can provide a debit card when you open a bank account, for maintenance fees. Usually debit cards used on ATMs owned by the same bank do not cost anything, and are used at ATMs from other banks at low cost (3-10 times cheaper than using a credit card). The most common cards in Bulgaria are Maestro and Visa Electron, accepted everywhere along with VISA and MasterCard.
Kanada
Canada has a national EFTPOS system, called Interac Direct Payment. Since its introduction in 1994, IDP has become the most popular payment method in the country. Previously, debit cards have been used for the use of ABM since the late 1970s, with Credit Union in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada introduced the first network-based ATM, which began in June, 1977. Debit cards, which can be used anywhere as a credit Card accepted, was first introduced in Canada by the Saskatchewan Credit Union in 1982. In the early 1990s, pilot projects were conducted among Canada's six largest banks to measure the security, accuracy and feasibility of the Interac system. Slowly in the latter half of the 1990s, it was estimated that about 50% of retailers offered Interac a source of payment. Resellers, many small transaction retailers such as coffee shops, refuse to offer IDPs to promote faster service. As of 2009, 99% of retailers offer IDPs as an alternative form of payment.
In Canada, debit cards are sometimes referred to as "bank cards". This is a client card issued by a bank that provides access to funds and other bank account transactions, such as transferring funds, checking balances, paying bills, etc., as well as purchase point transactions connected on the Interac network. Since its launch nationwide in 1994, Interac Direct Payment has become so vast that in 2001 more transactions in Canada were settled using debit cards rather than cash. This popularity may be partly due to two main factors: convenience does not have to carry cash, and the availability of automatic bank machines (ABM) and Direct Payment traders in the network.
A debit card can be considered the same as a stored value card because it represents a limited amount of money payable by the card issuer to the holder. They differ in stored value cards that are generally anonymous and can only be used in publishers, while debit cards are generally associated with individual bank accounts and can be used anywhere on the Interac network.
In Canada, bank cards can be used in POS and ABM. Interac Online has also been introduced in recent years allowing clients from most Canadian banks to use their debit cards for online payments with specific merchants as well. Certain financial institutions also allow their clients to use their debit cards in the United States on the NYCE network.
Consumer protection in Canada
Consumers in Canada are covered by a voluntary code made by all the debit card service providers, the Canadian Practice Code for the Consumer Debit Card Service (sometimes called "Debit Card Code"). Code compliance is overseen by the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada (FCAC), which investigates consumer complaints.
According to the FCAC website, revisions to the Code that came into force in 2005 place the responsibility on financial institutions to prove that consumers are responsible for disputed transactions, and also limit the number of days that an account can be frozen during an investigation of a financial institution from a transaction.
Chile
Chile has an EFTPOS system called Redcompra (Purchase Network) that is currently used in at least 23,000 companies across the country. Goods can be purchased using this system in most supermarkets, retail stores, pubs and restaurants in the city center. The Bank of Chile issues Maestro, Visa Electron, and Visa Debit cards.
Colombia
Colombia has a system called Redeban-Multicolor and Credibanco Visa that is currently used in at least 23,000 companies across the country. Goods can be purchased using this system in most supermarkets, retail stores, pubs and restaurants in the city center. Colombian debit cards are Maestro (pin), Visa Electron (pin), Visa Debit (as Credit) and MasterCard-Debit (as Credit).
CÃÆ'´te d'Ivoire
Denmark
Denmark Dankort debit cards are everywhere in Denmark. It was introduced on September 1, 1983, and although the paper-based initial transaction, Dankort quickly won wide acceptance. In 1985 the first EFTPOS terminal was introduced, and 1985 was also the year when the number of first Dankort transactions exceeded 1 million. Today Dankort is mainly published as a multicard that incorporates the national Dankort with a more internationally known VISA (denoted simply as a "VISA/Dankort" card). In September 2008, 4 million cards were issued, of which 3 million cards were VISA/Dankort cards. It is also possible to obtain Visa Electron and MasterCard debit cards.
- In 2007, PBS (now called Nets), the Danish operator of the Dankort system, processes a total of 737 million Dankort transactions. Of these, 4.5 million are processed in just one day, December 21. This remains the current record.
- By the end of 2007, there were 3.9 million existing Dankort cards.
- In 2012, over 80,000 Danish stores have Dankort terminals, and 11,000 other Internet stores also receive Dankort.
Finnish
Most daily customer transactions are made with a debit card or online bill payment/electronic bill, even if credit cards and cash are received. Check is no longer used. Prior to European standardization, Finland has a national standard ( pankkikortti ). Physically, a panckikortti is the same as an international credit card, and the same card with imprinter and slip is used for panckortorti and credit card, but the card is not accepted overseas. This has now been replaced by Visa and MasterCard debit card systems, and Finnish cards can be used elsewhere in the EU and the world.
The electronic wallet system, with flaky cards, was introduced, but did not get much appeal.
Signing offline payments requires debt, so offline payments are not available for minors. However, online transactions are allowed, and since almost all stores have electronic terminals, currently minors can also use debit cards. Previously, only cash withdrawals from ATMs were available for minors ( automaattikortti or Visa).
French
Carte Bancaire (CB), a national payment scheme, in 2008, had 57.5 million copies carrying logos and 7.76 billion transactions (POS and ATM) processed through e-rsb networks (135 transactions per card mostly debit or debit deferred). Most CB cards are debit cards, either debit or debit deferred. Less than 10% of CB cards are credit cards.
French banks usually charge annual fees for debit cards (although card payments are very cost-effective for banks), but they do not charge customers for checks or checks (although checks are very expensive for banks). This imbalance comes from the unilateral introduction of French Chip and PIN debit cards in the early 1990s, when the cost of this technology was much higher than it is today. Credit cards of the type found in the United Kingdom and the United States are unusual in France and the closest equivalent is a deferred debit card, operating like a normal debit card, except that all purchase transactions are postponed until the end of the month, thus providing customers between 1 31 days of "interest free" credit.
The annual charge for a deferred debit card is about EUR10 more than one with direct debit. Most French debit cards are stamped with the Carte Bleue logo, which guarantees acceptance throughout France. Most cardholders prefer to pay around EUR5 more in their annual fees for the addition of having a Visa or MasterCard logo on their Carte Bleue, so the card is internationally accepted. A Carte Bleue without Visa or MasterCard logo is often known as "Carte Bleue Nationale" and Carte Bleue with Visa or MasterCard logo known as "Carte Bleue Internationale", or more often, simply called "Visa" or "MasterCard".
Many small merchants in France refuse to accept debit cards for certain transactions due to the minimum fees charged by merchant banks per transaction (this minimum amount varies from EUR5 to EUR15.25, or in some rare cases even more). But more and more merchants accept debit cards for small amounts, because of the huge use of today's debit cards. Merchants in France do not distinguish between debit and credit cards, so they both have the same acceptance. It is legal in France to set minimum amounts for transactions, but traders should display them clearly.
As of January 2016, 57.2% of all debit cards in France also have contactless payment chips. The maximum amount per transaction is set to EUR20 and the maximum amount of all touchless payments per day is between 50 and EUR100 depending on the bank.
Liability and e-card
Under French law, the bank is responsible for any transactions made with a copy of the original card and for any transactions made without the card (on the phone or on the Internet), so the bank must pay back any fraudulent transactions to the cardholder if the previous criteria are met. Fighting card fraud is therefore more attractive to banks. As a result, the website of a French bank usually proposes an "e-card" service, where a new virtual card is created and linked to a physical card. The virtual card can only be used once and for the maximum amount given by the cardholder. If the virtual card number is tapped or used to try to get a higher amount than expected, the transaction is blocked.
German
Debit cards have been widely accepted in Germany for many years. Facility existed before EFTPOS became popular with Eurocheque cards, authorization system originally developed for paper checks where, in addition to signing actual checks, customers also need to show cards in addition to checks as security measures. The cards can also be used at ATMs and for card-based electronic funds transfer (called Girocards) with PIN entries. Now this is the only function of such cards: the Eurocheque system (together with the brand) was abandoned in 2002 during the transition from Deutsche Mark to the euro. In 2005, most petrol stores and outlets have EFTPOS facilities. The processing fee is paid by the business, which causes some business owners to refuse debit card payments for sales of less than a certain amount, usually 5 or 10 euros.
To avoid processing costs, many businesses use direct debit, which is then called electronic direct debit (German: Elektronisches Lastschriftverfahren , abbr. ELV ). The sales terminal reads the bank's sorting code and account number from the card, but instead of handling transactions through the Girocard network, it only prints the form, which the customer signs to authorize the debit records. However, this method also avoids verification or payment guarantees provided by the network. Subsequently, customers can return a debit note by notifying their bank without giving a reason. This means that beneficiaries bear the risk of fraud and illiquidity. Some businesses reduce the risk by consulting an exclusive blacklist or by switching to Girocard for higher transaction amounts.
Around 2000, Electronic Wallet Card was introduced, dubbed Geldkarte ("money card"). It utilizes smart card chips on the front of a standard edition debit card. This chip can be charged up to 200 euros, and is advertised as a means of making medium to very small payments, even up to a few euro or cent payments. The key factor here is that there is no processing fee cut by the bank. It does not get the popularity that its discoverers expect. However, this may change as the chip is now used as an age verification tool on cigarette vending machines, which has been required since January 2007. In addition, some discounted payments are being offered ( for example a 10% reduction for public transport fares ) when paying with "Geldkarte". "Geldkarte" payments do not have all security measures, because they do not require users to enter a PIN or sign a sales slip: the loss of "Geldkarte" is similar to the loss of a wallet or wallet - anyone who finds it can then use their findings to pay for their own purchases.
GuinÃÆ' © e Bissau
Please, see below on "UEMOA"
Greek
The use of debit cards jumped in Greece after the introduction of Capital Control in 2015.
Hong Kong
Most bank cards in Hong Kong for savings/current accounts are provided with EPS and UnionPay, which functions as a debit card and can be used in merchants for purchases, where funds are withdrawn from the related account immediately.
EPS is the only system in Hong Kong and widely accepted in government traders and departments. However, since UnionPay cards are more widely accepted overseas, consumers may use the UnionPay functionality of bank cards to make purchases directly from bank accounts.
Visa debit cards are rare in Hong Kong. The UK banking company, a subsidiary of HSBC, Enjoy Enjoy card from Hang Seng Bank and American Citibank ATM Visa company are two Visa debit cards available in Hong Kong.
The use of debit cards in Hong Kong is relatively low, due to the high credit card penetration rate in Hong Kong. In Q1 2017, there are nearly 20 million credit cards in circulation, about 3 times the adult population. There are 145,800 thousand transactions done by credit card but only 34001 thousand transactions are made by debit card.
Hungarian
Debit cards in Hungary are much more common and popular than credit cards. Many Hungarians even refer to their debit cards ("betÃÆ' Â © ti kÃÆ'¡rtya") mistakenly using the word for credit card ("hitelkártya").
India
After the current demonetization by the government there is a surge of cashless transactions, so now you can find card receipts in maximum places. Debit cards are mostly used for ATM transactions. RBI has announced that the fee is not justified so the transaction does not have any processing fees. Most Indian banks issue Visa debit cards, although some banks (such as SBI and Citibank India) also issue Maestro cards. Debit card transactions are routed through the Visa or MasterCard network in India and abroad rather than directly through the issuing bank.
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has launched a new card called RuPay. This is similar to NETS Singapore and UnionPay Mainland China
Indonesia
Foreign brands issuing Indonesian debit cards include Visa, Maestro, MasterCard, and MEPS. Domestic debit card networks operating in Indonesia include Debit BCA (and its Prima Debit network partners) and Mandiri Debit.
Iraq
Two of Iraq's largest state-owned banks, Rafidain Bank and Rasheed Bank, along with the Iraq Electronic Payment System (IEPS) have established a company called the International Smart Card, which has developed a national credit card called 'Qi Card' , which they have released since 2008. According to the company's website: 'after less than two years of initial launch of the Qi card solution, we have hit 1.6 million cardholders with the potential to issue 2 million cards in the end. 2010, publishing about 100,000 cards every month is a testament to the great success of Qi card solutions. In line with this will be an expansion to retail stores through a network of sales points of approximately 30,000 units by 2015 '
ireland
Today, Ireland's exclusive debit card is Chip and PIN and almost entirely Visa Debit. It can be used anywhere Visa logo looks and in the same way as credit card. Debit MasterCard is also used by a small number of agencies and operates in a very similar way.
Irish debit cards are usually multi-functional and incorporate ATM card features. This card is also sometimes used to authenticate transactions along with card readers for 2-factor authentication in online banking.
The majority of Irish Debit Visa cards are also activated for non-payment transactions for small and frequent transactions (with a maximum value of EUR15 or EUR30). Three consecutive contactless transactions are allowed, after which the card software will reject the untouchable transaction until a standard Chip and PIN transaction has been completed and counter counts. This step is taken to minimize the issuer's exposure to fraudulent charges.
These cards are usually processed online, but some cards can also be processed offline depending on the rules applied by the card issuer.
Some card issuers also provide prepaid debit card accounts primarily for use as gift cards/vouchers or for additional security and online anonymity. It may be disposable or rechargeable and is usually branded Visa or MasterCard.
Previous system (dead since February 28, 2014):
The lasers were launched by Irish banks in 1996 as an extension of the ATM card system and check the existing guarantees for years. When the service is added, it becomes possible to make payments with a multifunction card that combines ATMs, checks and debit cards and international ATM facilities through MasterCard Cirrus or Visa Plus and sometimes the UK Link ATM system. Their functionality is similar to a UK Switch card.
The system was first launched as a swipe & amp; sign cards and can be used in Ireland in the same way as a credit card and is a standard card terminal compatible (online or offline, though usually processed online). They can also be used in card-not-present cardholders transactions by phone, by mail or on the internet or to process repeat payments. Lasers also offer a 'cash back' facility where customers can ask retailers (if offered) for some cash along with their transactions. This service allows retailers to reduce cash volume in tills and allow consumers to avoid having to use ATMs. Laser adopted the same 'Chip and PIN' EMV security in 2002 with other credit and debit cards across Europe. In 2005, several banks issued customers with Laser cards that were remade with Maestro. This allows them to be used in POS terminals abroad, internet transactions are usually limited to sites that receive Lasers specifically.
Since 2006, Irish banks have progressively replaced Laser with an international scheme, especially Visa Debit and on February 28, 2014 the Laser Card system has been completely withdrawn and is no longer accepted by retailers.
Israel
The Israeli bank card system is somewhat confusing for newcomers, consisting of a mix of features drawn from different types of cards. What can be called a credit card, most likely a deferred debit card in the corresponding bank account, the most common type of card in Israel, somewhat like the situation in France, even though the term "debit card" is not in general use. Cards are almost universally called cartis ashrai (????? ?????), literally, "credit cards," a term that might affect card characteristics. Its main feature may be a direct link to a linked (mostly issued) bank account, with the total value of a transaction made on a card debited from a bank account in full on a regular date once a month, with no option to bring the balance; indeed certain types of transactions (such as online and/or foreign currency) may be debited directly from the bank account connected at the time of the transaction. Every limited credit that is enjoyed is the result of the customer's assets and credibility with the bank, and is not provided by the credit card company. This card usually allows ATM cash withdrawal & amp; balance questions (such as debit cards), installments & amp; deferred interest-free transactions offered by merchants (also applicable in Brazil), fixed-interest installment/deferred credit/deferred credit/revolving credit packages at the point of sale (though provided by the issuer, the interest), and various automation/upon request of type of scheme credits include loans, some of which revolve or resemble the extended payment options sometimes offered by charge cards.
So the "right" debit card is not so common in Israel, although it has been around since 1994. It is offered by two credit companies in Israel: One is the ICC, short for "Israeli Credit Card" (referred to as "CAL", an acronym formed from its Hebrew abbreviation), which publishes it in the form of a Visa Electron card that applies only in Israel. This is offered primarily through the Israeli Post bank (which is not permitted, by regulation, to offer any type of credit) or through Israel Discount Bank, its principal owner (where it is labeled as a "Discount Money Key" card). The Israeli Discount Bank debit card is also offered as a valid card worldwide, either as a Visa Electron or MasterCard Debit card. The second debit card is offered by the Isracard consortium to its affiliated bank and branded "Direct". This only applies in Israel, under local & amp; unique - though very popular - private brand label, as "Isracard Direct" (known as "Electro Check" until 2002 and while the local brand Isracard is often seen as a MasterCard for local use only). Since 2006, Isracard also offers an international version, branded "MasterCard Direct", which is less common. Both brands of debit cards operate offline in Israel (meaning the transaction operates under the credit card system & is officially debited from the cardholder's account only a few days later, once processed - though reflected on the account immediately). In 2014, Isracard Direct (a.k.a. legitimate card only in Israeli version) is relaunched as Isracash, although the former subbrand is still being marketed - & amp; replacing ICC Visa Electron as the Israeli Post bank debit card.
Overall, banks routinely offer deferred debit cards to their new customers, with "real" debit cards typically offered only to those who can not get credit. These last cards do not appeal to the average customer because they charge monthly fees from credit companies and bank account fees for each day of debit. Isracard Direct is much more common than Visa Electron ICC debit cards. Banks that issue primarily Visa cards prefer electronic usage, only authorized transaction mandates, unrevealed Visa Electron debit card (branded as "Visa Basic" or "Visa Classic") versions to their customers - sometimes even in the form of revolving credit cards.
Credit/debit card transactions in Israel are not PIN-based (other than ATMs) and in recent years EMV chip smart cards have started to be published, with the Bank of Israel ordering banks and credit card companies - by 2013 - to transfer customers to credit cards with EMV safety standards in 3.5 years.
Italy
Debit cards are quite popular in Italy. There are classic cards and prepaid cards. The main classic debit card in Italy is Bancomat/PagoBancomat: this kind of card is issued by an Italian bank. Bancomat is a commercial brand for cash withdrawal circuits, while PagoBancomat is used for POS transactions. Unlike other European countries like the UK, only a few Italian banks are issuing Visa/MasterCard debit cards (such as Intesa Sanpaolo NextCard). The main international debit circuit used by Italian banks is Mastercard's Maestro: for this reason almost every debit card issued in Italy has the PagoBancomat and Maestro logo, with Bancomat/PagoBancomat being used in Italy and the Maestro circuit while abroad. Sometimes, instead of using the Maestro circuit, the Bancomat/PagoBancomat debit card is issued along with the V-Pay or Visa Electron logo, or sometimes with a credit card function (so you get a dual-mode card). In the latter case, only credit card modes are allowed for overseas/internet transactions, while debit card mode is only used in Italy. The most popular prepaid debit card is "Postepay". It is issued by Poste italiane S.p.A., and usually runs on the Visa Electron circuit, but there are several versions running on MasterCard. It can be used at Poste Italiane (Postamah) ATMs and at compatible Electron bank ATMs worldwide. There is no charge when used on the Internet and in POS based transactions. Other cards are issued by other companies, such as Vodafone CashCard, Carta Jeans Banca Popolare in Milano, and Carta Moneta Online.
Japanese
In Japan people usually use cash cards ( ???????? , kyasshu k> do ), originally intended only for use with cash machines, as a debit card. The debit functions of these cards are usually referred to as J-Debit ( ??????? , Jeidebitto ) , and only cash cards from certain banks can be used. The ATM card has the same size as Visa/MasterCard. As an identification, the user must enter a four digit PIN when paying. J-Debit started in Japan on March 6, 2000. However, J-Debit has not been so popular since then.
Suruga Bank started service from the first Visa Debit in Japan in 2006. Rakuten Bank, officially known as Ebank, offers Visa debit cards.
Bank Resona and Bank Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ also offer Visa debit cards.
Kuwait
In Kuwait, all banks provide debit cards to their account holders. This card is branded as KNET, which is a central switch in Kuwait. KNET card deals are free for customers and merchants and therefore KNET debit cards are used for low value transactions as well. KNET cards are mostly combined as Maestro or Visa Electron which allows to use the same card outside Kuwait at any terminal that supports this payment scheme.
Malaysia
In Malaysia, the local debit card network is operated by Malaysia's Electronic Clearing Company (MyClear), which has taken over the scheme from MEPS in 2008. The new name for local debit cards in Malaysia is MyDebit, formerly known as a bank or e-debit card. Debit cards in Malaysia are now issued in combination where the card has both local and international debit card payment applications (Visa or MasterCard). All new MyDebit combo cards issued with Visa or MasterCard have the feature of payment without contact. The same card also serves as an ATM card for cash withdrawal.
Mali
Please, see below on "UEMOA"
Mexico
In Mexico, many companies use a type of debit card called a payroll card (tarjeta de nÃÆ'³mina), where they deposit their employees' salaries, rather than paying them in cash or by check. This method is preferred in many places as it is a much safer and safer alternative than the more traditional forms of payment.
Dutch
In the Netherlands using EFTPOS is known as pinnen (pinning), a term derived from the use of a personal identification number (PIN). PINs are also used for ATM transactions, and these terms are used interchangeably by many, although introduced as a marketing brand for EFTPOS. The system was launched in 1987, and in 2010 there were 258,585 terminals across the country, including mobile terminals used by shipping services and in the market. All banks offer a suitable debit card for EFTPOS with a checking account.
PIN transactions are usually free for customers, but resellers are charged per transaction and monthly fees. Equivalent, relationships with all major banks as members, running the system, and until August 2005 were also billed for it. In response to allegations of monopoly abuses, it has transferred contractual responsibility to its member banks through which it now offers competing contracts. The system is organized through a special Currence banking association set up specifically to coordinate access to the payment system in the Netherlands. Interpay, the legal predecessor of Equens, was fined EUR47 million in 2004, but the fine was later canceled, and related penalties for banks were downgraded from EUR17 million to EUR14 million. Cost per transaction ranges from 5-10 eurocents, depending on the volume.
The use of credit cards in the Netherlands is very low, and most credit cards can not be used with EFTPOS, or charge a very high fee to customers. Debit cards often, though not always, are used throughout the EU for EFTPOS. Most debit cards are Maestro Mastercard cards. Visa V Vis cards are also accepted in most locations. In 2011, spending on debit cards increased to 83 billion euros while cash spending fell to 51 billion euros and credit card spending rose to 5 billion.
Electronic Wallet Card (called Chipknip) was introduced in 1996, but never became very popular. System deleted by the end of 2014.
New Zealand
EFTPOS (on-site electronic funds transfer) in New Zealand is very popular. In 2006, 70 percent of all retail transactions were made by Eftpos, with an average of 306 EFTPOS transactions performed per person. At the same time, there are 125,000 operational EFTPOS terminals (one for every 30 people), and 5.1 million EFTPOS cards in circulation (1.27 per capita).
This system involves the merchant swipe (or insert) the customer's card and enter the purchase amount. The point of sale system with integrated EFTPOS often sends total purchases to the terminal and customers swipe their own cards. Customers then select the account they want to use: Current/Check (CHQ), Savings (SAV), or Credit Card (CRD), before entering their PIN. After a short processing time in which the terminal contacts the EFTPOS network and the bank, the transaction is approved (or rejected) and the receipt is printed. The EFTPOS system is used for credit cards as well, with customers choosing a Credit Card and entering their PIN, or for longer credit cards without a loaded PIN, pressing OK and signing their receipt with identification via a suitable signature. Fixed the EFTPOS terminal in most businesses utilizing a public switched telephone network to contact the EFTPOS network, whether using a dedicated phone line or sharing a merchant's voice channel (especially in smaller businesses). The absorption of broadband internet in the 21st century has seen several terminals move into internet protocol connections.
Nearly all retail outlets have EFTPOS facilities, so much so that retailers without EFTPOS should advertise it. In addition, an increasing number of mobile operators, such as taxis, kiosk holders, and pizza delivery have a mobile EFTPOS system. The system consists of two main networks: EFTPOS NZ, owned by VeriFone and Paymark Limited (formerly Electronic Transaction Services Limited), owned by ANZ Bank New Zealand, ASB Bank, Westpac and Bank of New Zealand. Both networks are interconnected and highly sophisticated and secure, capable of handling large transactions during busy periods such as before Christmas: on December 24, 2012, Paymark's own network records an average of 132 transactions per second between 12:00 and 13:00. Network failure is rare, but when it does, they cause major disruptions, causing large delays and loss of income for businesses. Most businesses should use a "zip-zap" manual scrubber in such cases. Newer POS-based terminals have the ability to "catch" transactions in case of communication interruption - instead of entering a PIN, a customer signs a receipt and an approved transaction on a matching signature, the transaction details are stored and sent for processing after the connection to the network is restored. The most important example of this happens on the Cook Strait ferry, where in the center of Cook Strait there is no mobile phone reception to connect to the EFTPOS network.
Depending on the user bank, charges may apply for EFTPOS usage. Most youth accounts (the minimum age to get EFTPAD cards from most banks in New Zealand is 13 years) and an increase in the number of 'electronic transaction accounts' does not attract fees for electronic transactions, which means the use of EFTPAD by the younger generation has become where -where and then the use of cash has become scarce. Traders usually do not pay fees for transactions, most only have to pay equipment rent.
One of the weaknesses of the established New Zealand EFTPOS system is that it is not compatible with overseas systems and non-face-to-face purchases. In response to this, many banks since 2005 have introduced international debit cards such as Maestro and Visa Debit working online and abroad as well as the New Zealand EFTPOS system.
Niger
Please, see below on "UEMOA"
Philippines
In the Philippines, the three national ATM network consortiums offer PIN ownership debits. It was first offered by Express Payment System in 1987, followed by Megalink with Paylink in 1993 and BancNet with Point-of-Sale in 1994.
The Express Payment System or EPS is a pioneer provider, having launched this service in 1987 on behalf of the Philippine Islands Bank. The EPS service was then extended in late 2005 to include other Expressnet members: Banco de Oro and the Philippine Land Bank. They currently operate 10,000 terminals for their card holders.
Megalink launched the EFTPOS PayLink system in 1993. The terminal service is provided by the Equitable Card Network on behalf of the consortium. Services are available in 2,000 terminals, mostly in Metro Manila.
BancNet introduced their point of sale system in 1994 as the first consortium EFTPOS service operated in the country. This service is available in over 1,400 locations across the Philippines, including the second and third cities. In 2005, BancNet signed a Memorandum of Agreement to serve as a local gateway for China UnionPay, the only ATM switch in the People's Republic of China. This will allow about 1.0 billion Chinese credit cards to use BancNet and EFTPOS ATMs at all participating merchants.
Visa debit card issued by Union Bank of Philippines (e-Wallet & eon), Chinatrust, Equicom Savings Bank (Kartu Kartu & Kartu Tunai), Banco De Oro, HSBC, HSBC Savings Bank, Sterling Bank of Asia (Visa ShopNPay prepaid and debit cards) & amp; EastWest Bank. Union Bank of the Philippines Card, EastWest Visa Debit Card, Equicom Bank & amp; The Sterling Bank of Asia EMV card can also be used for internet purchases. Sterling Bank of Asia has released its first line of prepaid and debit Visa cards with EMV chips.
Kartu debit MasterCard is a member of the Banco de Oro, the Security Bank (Cashlink & Cash Card) & amp; Smart Communications (Smart Money) denates Banco De Oro. The MasterCard Elektronik card has a BPi (Express Cash) card and a Security Bank (CashLink Plus) card.
Initially, all Visa and MasterCard debit cards in the Philippines are not embossed and marked either for "Electronic Use Only" (Visa/MasterCard) or "Applicable Only when MasterCard Electronic is Received" (MasterCard Electronic). However, EastWest Bank began offering Visa Debit Cards to arise without the "Only Electronic Usage" sign. PayPass Debit MasterCard from other banks also has an embossed label without the "Electronic Use Only" sign. Unlike credit cards issued by some banks, these branded Visa and MasterCard debit cards do not feature EMV chips, so they can only be read by the machine through swiping.
On March 21, 2016, BDO has begun publishing the MasterCard Debit set which has EMV chip and is the first Philippine bank to own it. This is a response to BSP monitors on the progress of EMV shifts in the country. By 2017, all Debit Cards in the country must have an EMV chip.
Polish
In Poland, the first electronic payment system was operated by Orbis, later changed to PolCard in 1991 (which also issued its own card) and then the system was purchased by First Data Poland Holding SA. In the mid-1990s, international brands such as Visa, MasterCard, and Visas Electron or Maestro that had not been captured were introduced.
Visa Electron and Maestro work as a standard debit card: the transaction will be debited instantly, although it can happen on some occasions that the transaction is processed with some delay (hours, up to one day). These cards do not have credit card options.
In the late 2000s contactless cards were introduced. The first technology used is MasterCard PayPass, which then joined Visa PayWave. This method of payment is now universal and accepted almost everywhere. In everyday use, this payment method is always called PayPass. Almost all businesses and stores in Poland accept debit and credit cards.
In the mid-2010s, Polish banks began replacing embossed cards with embossed electronic cards such as Debit MasterCard and Visa Debit, which allowed customers to have cards that had all the quality of credit cards (given that credit cards were not popular at Poland).
There are also some banks that do not have an identification system to allow customers to order debit cards online.
Portugal
In Portugal, debit cards are accepted almost everywhere: ATMs, stores, and so on. The most commonly accepted are Visa and MasterCard, or Visa Electron or Maestro with no patches. Regarding the debit card Internet payment can not be used for transfer, because it is not secure, so the bank recommends the use of 'MBnet', a previously registered secure system that creates virtual cards with the selected credit limit. All card systems are governed by SIBS, an institution created by Portuguese banks to proactively manage all rules and communication processes. SIBS shareholders are all banks operating in Portugal.
Russian
In addition to Visa, MasterCard, and American Express, there are several local payment systems that are generally based on smart card technology.
- Sbercard. This payment system was made by Sberbank around 1995-1996. It uses smart card technology BGS Smartcard Systems AG namely, DUET. Sberbank was the sole retail bank in the Soviet Union before 1990. The de facto is a payment system from SberBank.
- Zolotaya Korona. This card brand was made in 1994. Zolotaya Korona is based on CFT technology.
- STB card. This card uses classic magnetic strip technology. Almost completely collapsed after 1998 (GKO crisis) with the failure of the STB bank.
- Union Card. This card also uses classic magnetic strip technology. The brand of this card is declining. These accounts are being re-issued as a Visa or MasterCard account.
Almost every transaction, regardless of brand or system, is processed as a direct debit transaction. Non-debit transactions in this system have very limited spending limits when compared to regular Visa or MasterCard accounts.
Saudi Arabia
<Source of the article : Wikipedia
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